Amycolatopsis

Amycolatopsis is a genus of high GC-content bacteria within the family Pseudonocardiaceae.[4] The genus is known for producing many types of antibiotics, including

• Epoxyquinomicin, related to Amycolatopsis sulphurea, are a class of weak antibiotic and anti-inflammatory agent.[5]
• Vancomycin, obtained from Amycolatopsis orientalis, is being used for infections resistant to other antibiotics.
• Ristocetin, made by Amycolatopsis lurida, was an antibiotic but ceased to apply due to adverse effects of platelet agglutination. Now it is used to assay von Willebrand disease.

Amycolatopsis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Actinobacteria
Subclass:	Actinobacteridae
Order:	Actinomycetales
Family:	Pseudonocardiaceae
Genus:	Amycolatopsis
Species
Amycolatopsis alba Amycolatopsis albidoflavus Amycolatopsis amamiensis Amycolatopsis australiensis Amycolatopsis azurea Amycolatopsis balhimycina Amycolatopsis bartoniae[1] Amycolatopsis benzoatilytica Amycolatopsis bullii[1] Amycolatopsis cihanbeyliensis[1] Amycolatopsis circi[1] Amycolatopsis coloradensis Amycolatopsis decaplanina Amycolatopsis dongchuanensis[1] Amycolatopsis echigonensis Amycolatopsis endophytica[1] Amycolatopsis equina[1] Amycolatopsis eurthyerma Amycolatopsis fastidiosa Amycolatopsis flava Amycolatopsis granulosa[1] Amycolatopsis halophila[1] Amycolatopsis halotolerans Amycolatopsis helveola[1] Amycolatopsis hippodromi[1] Amycolatopsis iriomotensis Amycolatopsis japonica Amycolatopsis jejuensis Amycolatopsis jiangsuensis[2] Amycolatopsis kentuckyensis Amycolatopsis keratiniphila Amycolatopsis lactamdurans Amycolatopsis lexingtonensis Amycolatopsis lurida Amycolatopsis magusensis[1] Amycolatopsis marina Amycolatopsis mediterranei Amycolatopsis methanolica Amycolatopsis minnesotensis Amycolatopsis nigrescens Amycolatopsis niigatensis Amycolatopsis orientalis Amycolatopsis palatopharyngis Amycolatopsis pigmentata[1] Amycolatopsis plumensis Amycolatopsis pretoriensis Amycolatopsis regifaucium Amycolatopsis rhabdoformis[1] Amycolatopsis rifamycinica Amycolatopsis roodepoortensis[1] Amycolatopsis ruanii[1] Amycolatopsis rubida Amycolatopsis saalfeldensis Amycolatopsis salitolerans[1] Amycolatopsis samaneae[1] Amycolatopsis sacchari Amycolatopsis speibonae[1] Amycolatopsis sulphurea Amycolatopsis taiwanensis Amycolatopsis thailandensis[1] Amycolatopsis thermalba[1] Amycolatopsis thermoflava Amycolatopsis thermophila[1] Amycolatopsis tolypomycina Amycolatopsis tucumanensis Amycolatopsis ultiminotia Amycolatopsis umgeniensis[3] Amycolatopsis umgeniensis Amycolatopsis vancoresmycina Amycolatopsis viridis[1] Amycolatopsis xylanica[1]

Degradation of bio-polymers

Several bacteria from the genus Amycolatopsis are able to enzymatically hydrolyze the ester bonds of poly-lactic acid (PLA) films in aquatic medium. So far, it is one of the few known bacteria able to biodegrade the bioplastic outside compost facilities in a relatively short period of time [6] [7].

References

1. LPSN lpsn.dsmz.de
2. Xing, Ke; Liu, Wei; Zhang, Yue-Ji; Bian, Guang-Kai; Zhang, Wen-Di; Tamura, Tomohiko; Lee, Jung-Sook; Qin, Sheng; Jiang, Ji-Hong (2013). "Amycolatopsis jiangsuensis sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from a coastal plant in Jiangsu, China". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 103 (2): 433–439. doi:10.1007/s10482-012-9823-y. PMID 23053697.
3. Everest, Gareth J.; Roes-Hill, Marilize le; Omorogie, Clifford; Cheung, Shuk-Kwan; Cook, Andrew E.; Goodwin, Candice M.; Meyers, Paul R. (2013). "Amycolatopsis umgeniensis sp. nov., isolated from soil from the banks of the Umgeni River in South Africa". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 103 (3): 673–681. doi:10.1007/s10482-012-9851-7. PMID 23180373.
4. NCBI Taxonomy Browser
5. NAOKI, MATSUMOTO (November 1997). "Epoxyquinomicins A, B, C and D, new antibiotics from Amycolatopsis. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and antimicrobial activities". J Antibiot (Tokyo). 50 (11): 900–905. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.50.900. PMID 9592560.
6. Poly(lactic acid) : synthesis, structures, properties, processing, and applications. Auras, Rafael. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. 2010. ISBN 978-0-470-64983-1. OCLC 709664760.CS1 maint: others (link)
7. Y. Ikura, T. Kudo (1999). "Isolation of a microorganism capable of degrading poly-(L-lactide)". J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 45 (5): 247–251. doi:10.2323/jgam.45.247. PMID 12501367.