Amy Biehl

Amy Elizabeth Biehl (April 26, 1967 – August 25, 1993) was an American graduate of Stanford University and an anti-Apartheid activist in South Africa who was murdered by Cape Town residents while a black mob shouted anti-white slurs. The four men convicted of her murder were pardoned by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

Amy Biehl
Born
Amy Elizabeth Biehl

(1967-04-26)April 26, 1967
Santa Monica, California, United States
DiedAugust 25, 1993(1993-08-25) (aged 26)
Gugulethu, Western Cape, South Africa
Cause of deathStabbing, stoning
Alma materStanford University
OccupationScholar
Parent(s)Linda Biehl
Peter Biehl

Background

Biehl was a student at the University of the Western Cape in Cape Town as a scholar in the Fulbright Program.[1]:71

Death

As she drove three friends home to the township of Gugulethu, outside Cape Town, on August 25, 1993, a mob pulled her from the car and stabbed and stoned her to death.[2][3] The attack on the car driven by her was one of many incidents of general lawlessness on the NY1 road that afternoon. Bands of toyi-toying youths threw stones at delivery vehicles and cars driven by white people. One delivery vehicle was toppled over and set alight, and only the arrival of the police prevented more damage. There was evidence that some of the possessions belonging to her and the passengers were stolen.[4]

According to Rex van Schalkwyk, in his 1998 book One Miracle Is Not Enough, "Supporters of the three men accused of murdering [her]… burst out laughing in the public gallery of the Supreme Court today when a witness told how the battered woman groaned in pain." (pp. 188–89.) Four people were convicted of killing her.[5]:17–18

Pardons

In 1998, all were pardoned by South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, when they stated that their actions had been politically motivated.[1]:71

Biehl's family supported the release of the men.[1]:71 Her father shook their hands and stated,

The most important vehicle of reconciliation is open and honest dialogue... we are here to reconcile a human life [that] was taken without an opportunity for dialogue. When we are finished with this process we must move forward with linked arms.[6]

Legacy

In 1994, Biehl's parents, Linda and Peter, founded the Amy Biehl Foundation Trust to develop and empower youth in the townships, in order to discourage further violence.[5]:17–18 Two of the men who had been convicted of her murder worked for the foundation as part of its programs.[5]:17–18 In 1999, Biehl's parents were honored with the Aline and Norman Felton Humanitarian Award.[7]

In his speech accepting the Congressional Gold Medal on 23 September 1998, Nelson Mandela said:

Among those we remember today is young Amy Biehl. She made our aspirations her own and lost her life in the turmoil of our transition, as the new South Africa struggled to be born in the dying moments of apartheid. Through her, our peoples have also shared the pain of confronting a terrible past, as we take the path towards the reconciliation and healing of our nation.[8]

On August 25, 2010, on the 17th anniversary of Biehl's death, a bronze plaque mounted on a stone was unveiled by the U.S. Ambassador, Donald Gips, and Biehl's mother, Linda Biehl, at the Cape Town site where she was killed.[9]

The novel "Mother to Mother" by Sindiwe Magona refers to Amy Biehl's death from the perspective of the mother of one of Biehl's killers.[10][11]

August 25, 2013, marked the 20th anniversary of Amy Biehl's death and a ceremony was held at the Cape Town site where she was killed in Gugulethu.[12]

Amy Biehl High School in Albuquerque, New Mexico is named in her honour. Amy Biehl Community School at Rancho Viejo in Santa Fe, New Mexico is also named after her.[13]

Biehl's uncle was teacher Dale Shewalter.[14]

gollark: 0.38 time units.
gollark: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Card
gollark: > Modern SIM cards allow applications to load when the SIM is in use by the subscriber. These applications communicate with the handset or a server using SIM Application Toolkit, which was initially specified by 3GPP in TS 11.14. (There is an identical ETSI specification with different numbering.) ETSI and 3GPP maintain the SIM specifications. The main specifications are: ETSI TS 102 223 (the toolkit for smartcards), ETSI TS 102 241 (API), ETSI TS 102 588 (application invocation), and ETSI TS 131 111 (toolkit for more SIM-likes). SIM toolkit applications were initially written in native code using proprietary APIs. To provide interoperability of the applications, ETSI choose Java Card.[11] A multi-company collaboration called GlobalPlatform defines some extensions on the cards, with additional APIs and features like more cryptographic security and RFID contactless use added.[12]
gollark: Yes.
gollark: But instead they're actually quite powerful things which run applications written in some weird Java dialect?!

References
  1. Graybill, Lyn S. (2002). Truth and reconciliation in South Africa : miracle or model?. Boulder [u.a.]: Rienner. ISBN 158826081X.
  2. "Amy Biehl Was a Casualty of the System". Los Angeles Times. 27 January 1994. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  3. "Parents of slain Fulbright scholar embrace her cause in South Africa". The Chronicle of Higher Education. 19 January 2001. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
  4. "Statement By The Truth And Reconciliation Commission On Amnesty Arising From Killing Of Amy Biehl". Archived from the original on October 24, 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  5. R. Pressler; J.S. Saner; I Wasserfall (2009). FCS Criminal Justice Structures and Mandates L3. Cape Town: Pearson Education. ISBN 978-1-77025-354-4.
  6. Peacemaker Hero: Amy Biehl
  7. "Annual Awards Dinner". Death Penalty Focus. Archived from the original on 2009-11-23. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
  8. Nelson Mandela. "Speech Accepting the Congressional Gold Medal"
  9. "Memorial to Amy Biehl unveiled in South Africa" Archived July 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, United States Diplomatic Mission to South Africa.
  10. "Mother to Mother CL".
  11. "Mother to Mother". www.goodreads.com. Retrieved 2019-05-28.
  12. Maditla, Neo (26 August 2013). ""My daughter didn't want to be famous"". Cape Argus. p. 3. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  13. "Amy Biehl High School: Our History" Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  14. "Obituary". The Daily Herald. Chicago, Illinois. January 9, 2000. p. 143.
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