Algerine-class gunboat

The Algerine-class gunboats were a class of six 3-gun wooden gunboats (reclassified as gunvessels from 1859) built for the Royal Navy in 1857. A further pair were built in India for the Bombay Marine in 1859.

For other Algerine ship classes, see Algerine (disambiguation).

Leven rigged as a barquentine
Class overview
Name:	Algerine-class gunboat
Builders:	R & H Green, Blackwall Yard W. & H. Pitcher, Northfleet
Operators:	Royal Navy British Merchant Navy Chinese Imperial Customs Egyptian Government
Preceded by:	Albacore class
Succeeded by:	Britomart class
Cost:	Hull £5,668, machinery £4,350 (Jaseur)[Note 1][1]
Built:	1856–1857
In commission:	1857–1873
Completed:	6
Lost:	3
Retired:	3
General characteristics
Type:	Wooden screw gunboat (gunvessels from 1859)[1]
Displacement:	370 tons
Tons burthen:	300 ​^88⁄94 bm
Length:	125 ft 0 in (38.1 m) (gundeck) 110 ft 1.5 in (33.6 m) (keel)
Beam:	23 ft 0 in (7.0 m)
Depth of hold:	9 ft 3 in (2.8 m)
Installed power:	80 nominal horsepower 294 ihp (219 kW)
Propulsion:	2-cylinder horizontal direct-acting single-expansion steam engine Single (hoisting) screw
Sail plan:	As built: Schooner (or "gunboat") rig Later: Often a barquentine rig
Speed:	9 kn (17 km/h)[1]
Armament:	As built: 1 × 8-inch (200 mm) 68-pounder (87cwt) muzzle-loading smoothbore gun (in some ships a 10-inch muzzle-loading smoothbore gun instead) 2 × 24-pounder howitzers By 1863: 1 × 110-pounder Armstrong breech-loading gun 1 × 40-pounder Armstrong breech-loading gun

Design profile for the Algerine class

An enlarged version of the very numerous Albacore class, they reflected the change in use from coastal operations towards deep-water cruising, but were delivered too late to see action in the Crimean War. They were the first class of Royal Navy gunboat to incorporate a hoisting screw, which gave them improved performance under sail. The last man hung from the yardarm in the Royal Navy was a Royal Marine executed on 13 July 1860 in Leven.

Design and construction

Developed during the Crimean War as an enlarged version of W. H. Walker's Albacore class, the Algerines were an acknowledgement that gunboats designed for coastal operations would inevitably be called upon to act in a cruising role, both in shallow and in deeper water.[2] Their increased size gave them much improved accommodation, and in general they were effective vessels, leading to the construction of two identical vessels for the Bombay Marine.[2]

Armament

As built, they were armed with one 8-inch (200 mm) 68-pounder (87 cwt) muzzle-loading smoothbore gun[1][Note 2] and two 24-pounder howitzers.[1] By 1863 the three surviving vessels of the class were armed with one 110-pounder Armstrong breech-loading gun and one 40-pounder Armstrong breech-loading gun.[2]

Propulsion

The class were each fitted with a 2-cylinder horizontal direct-acting single-expansion steam engine manufactured by Maudslay, Sons & Field.[Note 3][1] This engine drove a single screw, which for the first time in a gunboat was provided with a hoisting mechanism; this ensured a better performance under sail than previous classes.[2] These engines were rated at 80 nominal horsepower and produced on trials 294 indicated horsepower (219 kW). The design speed under steam was 9 knots (17 km/h).[1]

Rig

Fitted at first with a simple schooner rig (often known as a "gunboat rig" in the Royal Navy), the use of these vessels as cruisers encouraged commanding officers on far-flung stations to augment their sail area by fitting topmasts and yards, making them barquentines.[Note 4]

Operational lives

Jaseur was lost on the Bajo Nuevo Bank in the Caribbean Sea within two years of her launch,[1] having spent the whole of her short career on the North America and West Indies station, mostly in deterring the slave trade.[3] Jasper also served on the West Indies station[4] before being sold to the Chinese in 1863 to form part of Sherard Osborn's Vampire Fleet.[1] When the venture was called off, she was sold to Egypt to prevent her purchase by the Confederate Navy. Algerine spent her entire career on the China station, and was present at the capture of Canton in 1857.[5] Lee was also sent to the China station, but her career was abruptly curtailed on 25 June 1859 when she was sunk at the second battle of the Taku Forts.[6] Leven, like Lee and Algerine served on the China station, and took part in the successful first battle of the Taku Forts.[7] The last man hanged from the yardarm in the Royal Navy was a Royal Marine, executed for attempted murder on 13 July 1860 in Leven.[2] Slaney served with Algerine at the capture of Canton and with Leven at the first battle of the Taku Forts.[8]

Ships

Name	Ship Builder	Launched	Fate
Jaseur	R & H Green, Blackwall Yard	7 March 1857	Wrecked on the Bajo Nuevo Bank on 26 February 1859, whilst on passage from Port Royal to Greytown, Nicaragua
Jasper	R & H Green, Blackwall Yard	18 March 1857	Sold on 2 August 1862 to the Chinese Imperial Customs, renamed Amoy, and sailed in April 1863 (to join Sherard Osborn’s "Vampire Fleet"). Resold to the Egyptian Government on 30 December 1865
Algerine	W & H Pitcher, Northfleet	24 February 1857	Sold at Hong Kong on 2 April 1872, became the mercantile Algerine. Broken up in 1894.
Lee	W & H Pitcher, Northfleet	28 February 1857	Sunk at the Battle of Taku Forts on 25 June 1859
Leven	W & H Pitcher, Northfleet	7 March 1857	Sold at Shanghai on 21 July 1873
Slaney	W & H Pitcher, Northfleet	17 March 1857	Wrecked in a typhoon in the Paracel Islands near Hong Kong on 9 May 1870

Bombay Marine versions

Lee in action against the Taiping, 20 November 1858

Having proved their worth in the Royal Navy, two copies were built of teak at Bombay for the Bombay Marine.[9]

Name	Ship Builder[9]	Launched	Fate
Clyde	Bombay	1859
Sir Hugh Rose	Bombay	1860	1876?

Notes

1. A total cost accounting for inflation of approximately £943,100 in today's money.
2. In some ships a 10-inch (250 mm) muzzle-loading smoothbore gun was fitted instead of the 8-inch gun.[2]
3. The cost of these marine steam engines was £4,350,[1] or adjusting for inflation, £409,500 in today's prices.
4. The picture of Leven at the head of this article shows a vessel of the class rigged as a barquentine.

References

1. Winfield (2004), p.230
2. Preston (2007), p.155
3. "HMS Jaseur at the Naval Database website". Retrieved 15 April 2011.
4. "HMS Jasper at the Naval Database website". Retrieved 15 April 2011.
5. "HMS Algerine at the Naval Database website". Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
6. "HMS Lee at the Naval Database website". Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
7. "HMS Leven at the Naval Database website". Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
8. "HMS Slaney at the Naval Database website". Retrieved 15 April 2011.
9. Low, Charles Rathbone. History of the Indian Navy (1613-1863) (Volume 2), R. Bentley and Son (London). ISBN 978-1-85207-336-7. p. 387

• Preston, Antony; Major, John (2007). Send a Gunboat: The Victorian Navy and Supremacy at Sea, 1854–1904 (2nd ed.). London: Conway. ISBN 978-0-85177-923-2.
• Winfield, R.; Lyon, D. (2004). The Sail and Steam Navy List: All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815–1889. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-032-6.