Alexander Davydov

Alexander Sergeevich Davydov
Alexander Sergeevich Davydov
Born	26 December 1912; Yevpatoria, Russian Empire
Died	19 February 1993 (aged 80); Kiev, Ukraine
Citizenship	Soviet Union; Ukraine
Alma mater	Moscow State University
Known for	Davydov splitting ; Davydov soliton
Awards	Hero of Socialist Labour (1982); Order of Lenin (1971, 1982); Shevchenko National Prize (1969); Lenin Prize (1966); Medal "For Labour Valour" (1961)
	Scientific career
Fields	Theoretical Physics; Biophysics
Institutions	Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Alexander Sergeevich Davydov (Russian: Александр Сергеевич Давы́дов, Ukrainian: Олекса́ндр Сергі́йович Дави́дов) (26 December 1912 – 19 February 1993) was a Soviet and Ukrainian physicist. Davydov graduated from Moscow State University in 1939. In 1963-1990 he was Director of Institute for Theoretical Physics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.[1]

His main contributions were in theory of absorption, scattering and dispersion of the light in molecular crystals. In 1948, he predicted the phenomenon that is known as Davydov splitting or factor-group splitting, "the splitting of bands in the electronic or vibrational spectra of crystals due to the presence of more than one (interacting) equivalent molecular entity in the unit cell." In the period 1958-1960 he developed the theory of collective excited states in spherical and non-spherical nuclei, known as Davydov-Filippov Model and Davydov-Chaban Model.[1]

In 1973, Davydov applied the concept of molecular solitons in order to explain the mechanism of muscle contraction in animals.[2][3][4] He studied theoretically the interaction of intramolecular excitations or excess electrons with autolocal breaking of the translational symmetry. These excitations are now known as Davydov solitons.

Publications

Theory of Absorption of Light by Molecular Crystals, Naukova Dumka, Kiev (1951)
Theory of Atomic Nuclei, Nauka, Moscow (1958)
Theory of Molecular Excitons, McGraw-Hill, New York (1962)
Quantum Mechanics, Pergamon Press (1965)
Theory of Molecular Excitons, Plenum Press, New York (1971)
Theory of Solids, Nauka, Moscow (1980)
Biology and Quantum Mechanics, Pergamon Press (1982)
Solitons in Molecular Systems, D. Reidel (1985)
Solitons in Bioenergetics, Naukova Dumka, Kiev (1986)
The Theoretical Investigation of High-Temperature Superconductivity, Physics Reports, vol. 190, no. 4-5, pp. 191–306 (1990)
High-Temperature Superconducitvity, Naukova Dumka, Kiev (1990).

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References

International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science (IAQMS). "Alexander S. Davydov". Retrieved 2011-08-15.
Davydov AS (1973). "The theory of contraction of proteins under their excitation". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 38 (3): 559–569. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(73)90256-7. PMID 4266326.
Davydov AS (1974). "Quantum theory of muscular contraction". Biophysics. 19: 684–691.
Davydov AS (1977). "Solitons and energy transfer along protein molecules". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 66 (2): 379–387. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(77)90178-3. PMID 886872.

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[IAQMS-1] International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science (IAQMS). "Alexander S. Davydov". Retrieved 2011-08-15.

[Davydov1973-2] Davydov AS (1973). "The theory of contraction of proteins under their excitation". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 38 (3): 559–569. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(73)90256-7. PMID 4266326.

[Davydov1974-3] Davydov AS (1974). "Quantum theory of muscular contraction". Biophysics. 19: 684–691.

[Davydov1977-4] Davydov AS (1977). "Solitons and energy transfer along protein molecules". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 66 (2): 379–387. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(77)90178-3. PMID 886872.