El-Obeid

El-Obeid (Arabic: الأبيض‎, al-ʾAbyaḍ, lit. "the White"), also romanized as Al-Ubayyid, is the capital of the state of North Kurdufan, in Sudan.

For the prehistoric Mesopotamian culture, see Ubaid period.
El-Obied

الأبيض
Camels in El-Obeid (early 1960s)

El-Obied
Location in Sudan (North Kurdufan state highlighted)
Coordinates: 13°11′N 30°13′E
Country Sudan
StateNorth Kordofan
Elevation
609 m (1,998 ft)
Population
 (2012)
 • Total418,280
Time zoneGMT + 3

Overview and history

In 2008, its population was 340,940. It is an important transportation hub: the terminus of a rail line, the junction of various roads and camel caravan routes, and the end of a pilgrim route from Nigeria. It was founded by the pashas of Ottoman Egypt in 1821. It was attacked by the Mahdists in September 1882, and capitulated and was subsequently destroyed in 1883. It was then rebuilt in on a modern plan in 1898 following the fall of the Mahdist empire.[1]

The population of this town is majority Muslim with a small Christian presence. The town today is the site of an airport and an oil refinery. El-Obeid is home to the University of Kordofan, established in 1990. The United Nations Mission in Sudan established its Logistics Base there.[2]

In recent years transport became easier between the town and the Sudanese capital Khartoum, owing to the repair and paving of roads, and the emergence of several private bus companies. The 500 kilometres (310 mi) journey takes about nine hours by tourist coach.

Climate

El-Obeid has a hot arid climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) despite receiving over 300 millimetres or 12 inches of rain, owing to the extremely high potential evapotranspiration.

Climate data for El-Obeid (1961-1990)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 39.2
(102.6)		 40.8
(105.4)		 42.9
(109.2)		 44.4
(111.9)		 44.3
(111.7)		 43.7
(110.7)		 40.0
(104.0)		 40.0
(104.0)		 40.0
(104.0)		 40.6
(105.1)		 39.0
(102.2)		 37.5
(99.5)		 44.4
(111.9)
Average high °C (°F) 29.9
(85.8)		 32.2
(90.0)		 35.7
(96.3)		 38.6
(101.5)		 39.4
(102.9)		 37.5
(99.5)		 33.9
(93.0)		 32.7
(90.9)		 34.8
(94.6)		 36.4
(97.5)		 33.6
(92.5)		 30.5
(86.9)		 34.6
(94.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 21.7
(71.1)		 23.8
(74.8)		 27.4
(81.3)		 30.3
(86.5)		 32.0
(89.6)		 31.0
(87.8)		 28.5
(83.3)		 27.5
(81.5)		 28.3
(82.9)		 29.4
(84.9)		 25.9
(78.6)		 22.3
(72.1)		 27.3
(81.1)
Average low °C (°F) 13.5
(56.3)		 15.4
(59.7)		 19.1
(66.4)		 21.9
(71.4)		 24.6
(76.3)		 24.5
(76.1)		 23.1
(73.6)		 22.4
(72.3)		 21.8
(71.2)		 22.4
(72.3)		 18.3
(64.9)		 14.1
(57.4)		 20.1
(68.2)
Record low °C (°F) 6.5
(43.7)		 7.5
(45.5)		 10.4
(50.7)		 13.0
(55.4)		 16.0
(60.8)		 19.0
(66.2)		 17.3
(63.1)		 16.0
(60.8)		 17.0
(62.6)		 12.5
(54.5)		 9.2
(48.6)		 7.0
(44.6)		 6.5
(43.7)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.4
(0.02)		 1.4
(0.06)		 8.4
(0.33)		 22.5
(0.89)		 98.2
(3.87)		 110.6
(4.35)		 61.7
(2.43)		 14.5
(0.57)		 0.3
(0.01)		 0.0
(0.0)		 318
(12.53)
Average rainy days 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 1.7 4.5 9.5 9.7 6.0 2.4 0.1 0.0 34.5
Average relative humidity (%) 23 17 14 14 26 42 61 68 59 37 24 25 34.2
Mean monthly sunshine hours 319.3 288.4 313.1 303.0 294.5 249.0 226.3 226.3 243.0 288.3 315.0 325.5 3,391.7
Percent possible sunshine 90 88 81 83 75 65 55 59 67 79 91 92 77
Source: NOAA[3]

Sports

As of 2015, the Sudanese Premier League team Al-Hilal SC (Al-Ubayyid) plays in El-Obeid.

Religion

The town is predominantly Muslim however, the town is the seat of a Catholic and an Anglican Bishopric.

gollark: All the parser implementations around should accept that as valid, and you can use a fixed amount of size.
gollark: Okay, very hacky but technically workable: have an XTMF metadata block of a fixed size, and after the actual JSON data, instead of just ending it with a `}`, have enough spaces to fill up the remaining space then a `}`.
gollark: XTMF was not really designed for this use case, so it'll be quite hacky. What you can do is leave a space at the start of the tape of a fixed size, and stick the metadata at the start of that fixed-size region; the main problem is that start/end locations are relative to the end of the metadata, not the start of the tape, so you'll have to recalculate the offsets each time the metadata changes size. Unfortunately, I just realized now that the size of the metadata can be affected by what the offset is.
gollark: The advantage of XTMF is that your tapes would be playable by any compliant program for playback, and your thing would be able to read tapes from another program.
gollark: Tape Shuffler would be okay with it, Tape Jockey doesn't have the same old-format parsing fallbacks and its JSON handling likely won't like trailing nuls, no idea what tako's program thinks.

See also

References
  1. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "El Obeid" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 297.
  2. UNMIS homepage
  3. "El Obeid Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
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