Ahmed Zaki Abu Shadi

Ahmed Zaki Abu Shadi[lower-alpha 1] (Arabic: أحمد زكي أبو شادي‎, ALA-LC: Aḥmad Zakī Abū Shādī; February 9, 1892 – April 12, 1955) in Cairo, was an Egyptian Romantic poet, publisher, medical doctor, bacteriologist and bee scientist.

Ahmed Zaki Abu Shadi
Portrait of Abu Shadi as a young man, c. 1909
Born(1892-02-09)February 9, 1892
Cairo, Khedivate of Egypt
DiedApril 12, 1955(1955-04-12) (aged 63)
Washington, D.C., United States
NationalityEgyptian
Other namesAhmed Zaky Abushady
OccupationPoet, beekeeper, doctor, publisher, translator
MovementApollo literary group

Family

Abu Shadi's father, Muhammed Abu Shadi Bey, was a renowned lawyer, President of the Bar's Union, and staunch Wafdist. His mother, née Amina Nagib, was from a Turkish literary family; she held literary salons in Cairo. Abu Shadi's first cousins were the Alexandrian painters Seif Wanly and Adham Wanly. Abu Shadi was a Wafdist like his father, a poet and publisher of experimental Arabic poetry, and a physician and scientist committed to fostering advances in science and agriculture. He was also a social reformer advocating women's suffrage, education for all and the elimination of poverty. Abu Shadi was educated in Egypt and in England, where he lived for ten years (1912-1922). In 1920 Abu Shadi married Anna Bamford of Stalybridge, a descendant of Samuel Bamford, the Lancashire poet, author and labor organizer. Abu Shadi saw himself as an ambassador of Anglo-Egyptian relations. He was a Muslim and a secular humanist.[1] He promoted the Co-operative Movement in Britain and tried to implement its principles in Egypt.[2]

Apollo

Abu Shadi is best known in Egypt for having founded the influential poetry journal Apollo (1932–1934), an important vehicle for experimental Arabic poetry in Egypt and beyond, which he designed, published, and edited.[3] He established a group of poets known as "Apollo's Society" or The Apollo School (Arabic: مدرسة أبولو‎)[4] whose members and contributors included artists and poets from beyond Egypt's borders and across the Arab world; they included Ibrahim Nagi, ʾAli al-ʾInani, Kamil Kilani, Mahmud ʾImad, Mahmud Sadiq, Ahmad al-Shayib, the Egyptian calligrapher Sayed Ibrahim, the celebrated Tunisian poet Aboul-Qacem Echebbi (or Qasm al-Shabbi), 'Ali Mahmud Taha, Mahmud Abu'l-Wafa, Hasan al-Qayati, Hasan Kamil al-Sayrafi, Ramzy Maftah, and the Tunisian poet Salih Jawdat. The first president of Gamʾiyyat Apollo was Ahmed Shawqi; Khalil Mutran and Ahmad Muharram were vice presidents. When Shawqi died he was succeeded by Khalil Mutran as president.[5]

Modern Arabic literature

Abu Shadi wrote poetry, as well as essays on social reform, Islam, politics, and the arts. In addition to Apollo, he published the magazine Adabi ("My Literature") in Alexandria starting from 1939. He wrote articles of literary criticism, and wrote lyric qasidas, stories, opera librettos and plays in verse. Anthologies of his poetry include: Dewdrops at Dawn (1910), Rays and Shadows (1931), and Visions of Spring (1933). His historical tales include: Ibn Zaydun in Prison (1925) and The Death of Imru al-Kaysa (1925). He translated Arabic poetry to English, including the ghazals of Hafiz, the Rubāiyāt of Omar Khayyam, and translated several tragedies of Shakespeare into Arabic.[6]

Beekeeping

Abu Shadi lived in England from 1912 to 1922. He studied medicine at the University of London and graduated with distinction in 1917. In 1919 he founded the Apis Club, an international organization of individual beekeepers and bee scientists in different countries, based at Port Hill House in Benson, Oxfordshire. Abu Shadi launched and edited the Apis Club periodical Bee World, 'an international monthly journal devoted to the progressive interests of modern bee culture',[7] which was later edited by Annie D. Betts (1929–1949)[8] and by Dr. Eva Crane (1950–1983). The Apis Club organized various international conferences in Europe, and the scientific content of the contributions and publications increased; these and the activities of the Apis Club were reported in Bee World. The Apis Club was eventually transitioned to the International Bee Research Association (IBRA).[9] Its archives are currently held in the National Library of Wales.[10] In 1919, Abu Shadi filed his first patent in Great Britain for a removable, standardized aluminum honeycomb;[11] he filed four patents in total for improvements made to beekeeping apparatuses.[12]

In January 1930, eight years after returning to Egypt, Abu Shadi established a bee husbandry organization called The Bee Kingdom League, which he operated out of his home in Alexandria. He launched, published and edited the bilingual English/Arabic monthly international journal, The Bee Kingdom.[13] He organized the first International Bee Exposition, which took place in Cairo in November 1931; its proceedings are documented in the December 1931 issue of The Bee Kingdom journal.[14]

Life

In 1920, Abu Shadi married Annie Bamford, who was descended from the Lancashire poet and labor organizer Samuel Bamford. The Abu Shadi's left England and relocated to Egypt in 1922, where they raised a family: the eldest daughter Safeya, was named after Safeya Zaghloul the popular activist feminist and wife of Saad Zaghloul, the 19th-20th-century Egyptian revolutionary and statesman; a son, Amin Ramzy; and the youngest daughter, Hoda, named after the 19th-20th-century Egyptian feminist Huda Shaarawi. They lived in Cairo, Alexandria and Port Said, and eventually settled in Alexandria at 60 rue Menasce, near Wabour al-Mayah.[15] After a long illness, Annie Abu Shadi died in January 1946. The family emigrated to the United States in April 1946. They lived in New York City, Springfield Gardens, Queens, and Washington, D.C. After settling in New York, Abu Shadi worked for the Voice of America producing radio broadcasts in Arabic. He was invited to write a short essay for This I Believe,[16] a radio show hosted by Edward R. Murrow (1951–1955). He also edited newspapers and magazines of the local Arab community in New York, and was a professor of Arabic literature at the Asiatic Institute.[17] Abu Shadi was remarried to Constance Wellman, an American who was previously married to the American painter John D. Graham (1936–1945),[18] and Sheikh Khalili al-Rawaf, a Saudi businessman (1945–1948).[19] Abu Shadi continued to actively contribute to local bee husbandry associations, giving lectures and demonstrations, and was a member of the Bronx Beekeepers Association.[20] Abu Shadi suffered a stroke and died at his home in Washington, D.C., on April 12, 1955. His five grandchildren were born in or near New York City.

Memorials
  • A street near his home in Alexandria, "Shâri Doctor Ahmed Zaki Abu Shadi" is named after him.[21]
  • An Egyptian postage stamp was issued in 1992 to honor his memory.[22]

Notes
  1. Also transliterated as Ahmed Zaky Abushady.
gollark: The discussion currently going on is something along the lines of "the regulars are too comfortable and we should prevent discussing eugenics and stuff".
gollark: I'm not sure if the world is ready.
gollark: It's kind of bee that we can't *undo* COMPARTMENTAL SLATS?
gollark: This exists, yes.
gollark: Admittedly the recursive DNS ones look up the appropriate nameserver for a thing, not *arbitrary* ones.

References
  1. Juynboll, G. H. A. 1972. "Ismail Ahmad Adham (1911-1940), the Atheist". Journal of Arabic Literature. 3: 54-71.
  2. Harker, Leonard S., Blazing the trail : reminiscences of A.Z. Abushâdy, poet – bee-keeper – humanist. London : C.W. Daniel Co., 1938.
  3. Ostle, Robin, The 'Apollo' Phenomenon," Quaderni di Studi Arabi, Vol. 18, Literary Innovation in Modern Arabic Literature. Schools and Journals (2000), pp. 73-84 Published by: Istituto per l'Oriente C. A. Nallino
  4. The Apollo School (Arabic: مدرسة أبولو‎) ar:مدرسة أبولو
  5. Brugman, J., An Introduction to the History of Modern Arabic Literature in Egypt, Brill: Leiden, 1984, Chapter Five
  6. Ostle, Robin. "Modern Egyptian Renaissance Man." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, v57 n1 (1994): 184-192
  7. Crane, Eva. The world history of beekeeping and honey hunting, New York : Routledge, 1999.
  8. "Women of the Swarm". The Honey Pamphlet. 2010-03-26. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  9. Bigosc. "Home". www.ibra.org.uk. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  10. National Library of Wales: International Bee Research Association (IBRA) Records, [1876]-2004.
  11. "Honeycomb Patent 1919 -p1". Flickr. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  12. "Ahmed Zaky Abushady - Assignee Patent Directory, Page 1". patent.ipexl.com. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  13. The Bee Kingdom journal. Cairo, Egypt. v. 1, no. 1 (Jan. 1930)- . Ceased with v. 9, no. 10 (Oct. 1938)? Cf. Union list of serials, 3rd ed. Language: English or Arabic.
  14. "The Bee Kingdom v2 no12, December 1931". Flickr. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  15. "Flickr". Flickr. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  16. "Dan Gediman, Ahmad Zaki Abu Shadi and This I Believe". Archived from the original on 2014-04-08. Retrieved 2013-01-22.
  17. "Abu Shadi, Ahmad Zaki". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  18. John D. Graham papers, 1799-1988, bulk 1890-1961, Smithsonian Archives of American Art
  19. The Niagara Falls Gazette, May 26, 1948
  20. AZA at the Bronx Beekeepers Association meeting, Bronx, NY – August 11, 1946.
  21. "Wabour al-Maya, Alexandria, Egypt - map2 - Shari'a Doctor Ahmed Zaki Abu Shadi, upper right". Flickr. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  22. "Abushady Egyptian stamp - 10 qirsh". Flickr. Retrieved 2017-10-25.

Biographies in English

  • Harker, Leonard S., Blazing the trail : reminiscences of A.Z. Abushâdy, poet – bee-keeper – humanist. London : C.W. Daniel Co., 1938.
  • Edham, I A, Abushâdy the poet, a critical study. Leipzig, G. Fischer, 1936.

The Abushady Arabic Collection

  • Aziz S. Atiya Middle East Library, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
  • Letter dated September 13, 1971, from Aziz S. Atiya to Professor Brigham D. Madsen, Director University Libraries, Marriott Library, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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