Afrotyphlops schlegelii

Afrotyphlops schlegelii, commonly known as Schlegel's beaked blind snake[2] or Schlegel's giant blind snake,[1] is a species of snake in the family Typhlopidae.[3][4][5] The species is endemic to eastern and southern Africa, and bears the distinction of being the world's largest typhlopid.[2] It is harmless to humans and lives exclusively on a diet of termites.

Afrotyphlops schlegelii
Limpopo, South Africa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Typhlopidae
Genus:	Afrotyphlops
Species:	A. schlegelii
Binomial name
Afrotyphlops schlegelii (Bianconi, 1847)
Synonyms[1]
Typhylops schlegelii Bianconi, 1847 Onychocephalus schlegelii — W. Peters, 1860 Typhlops schlegelii — Boulenger, 1893 Rhinotyphlops schlegelii — Roux-Estève, 1974 Megatyphlops schlegelii — Broadley & Wallach, 2009 Afrotyphlops schlegelii — Hedges et al., 2014

Etymology

The specific name, schlegelii, is in honor of German herpetologist Hermann Schlegel.[1][6]

Geographic range

A. schlegelii is found in Angola, Botswana, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, southern Mozambique, northern Namibia, Somalia, South Africa, southern Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, northern Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.[1]

Description

Three distinct color phases of A. schlegelii are found: uniform, blotched, or striped.

• Uniform phase specimens are black to brown dorsally, straw-colored ventrally.
• Blotched phase individuals have black to dark brown irregular blotches dorsally, and are yellow-green to yellow ventrally and on the sides.
• The striped phase results from each scale being edged with black. These black lines merge with age.

The maximum recorded snout-vent length (SVL) is 95 cm (37 ³⁄₈ in).

The scales are arranged in 30-44 rows around the body. There are more than 300 scales in the vertebral row (maximum 623).[2]

The snout is very prominent, with a sharp horizontal cutting edge, below which are located the nostrils. The rostral is very large, extending as far back as the eyes. The portion of the rostral visible from below is broader than long. There are four upper labials. The nasal is semidivided, the suture proceeding from the first upper labial. A preocular is present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third upper labials. The eyes distinct, located below the suture between the preocular and the ocular. The diameter of the body goes 25 to 30 times in the total length. The tail is broader than long, ending in a spine.[7]

Habitat

Afrotyphlops schlegelii is found in a variety of habitats, from sandveld to coastal bush.[2]

Behavior

A. schlegelii is fossorial, and very large individuals are found deep underground.[2]

Reproduction

A. schlegelii is oviparous. A female usually lays 12-40 eggs, but very large individuals may lay as many as 60. The eggs, which are laid in late spring or summer, measure 20–22 mm long by 10-12mm wide (3/4-7/8 inch x 3/8-7/16 inch). The eggs hatch in 5–6 weeks.[2]

Infraspecific taxa

There are two subspecies:[1]

• Afrotyphlops schlegelii schlegelii (W. Peters, 1860)
• Afrotyphlops schlegelii petersii (Bocage, 1873)

Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Afrotyphlops.

References

1. Afrotyphlops schlegelii at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 4 January 2015.
2. Branch, Bill (2004). Field Guide to Snakes and other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Third Revised edition, Second impression. Sanibel Island, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. 399 pp. ISBN 0-88359-042-5. (Rhinotyphlops schlegelii, p. 54 + Plate 39).
3. Pyron, Robert Alexander; Burbrink, Frank T.; Wiens, John J. (2013). "A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes" (PDF). BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13 (1): 93–145. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93. PMC 3682911. PMID 23627680.
4. McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré TA (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
5. "Megatyphlops schlegelii". Catalogue of Life. ITIS. Species 2000. Retrieved 22 December 2013.CS1 maint: others (link)
6. Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Rhinotyphlops schlegelii, p. 235).
7. Boulenger GA (1893). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History)., Volume I., Containing the Families Typhlopidæ ... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (Typhlops schlegelii, pp. 44–45).

Further reading

• Bianconi, J. Josephi [sic] (1847). "Specimina Zoologica Mosambicana ". Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna. (Typhlops schlegelii, new species, p. 183). (in Latin).
• Broadley, Donald G.; Wallach, Van (2009). "A review of the eastern and southern African blind-snakes (Serpentes: Typhlopidae), excluding Letheobia Cope, with the description of two new genera and a new species" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2255: 1–100.