Adachi Kenzō

Adachi Kenzō (安達 謙蔵, 20 December 1864 – 2 August 1948) was a statesman, politician and cabinet minister in Taishō and early Shōwa period Japan.

Adachi Kenzō
安達 謙蔵
Adachi Kenzō in 1929
Born(1864-12-20)December 20, 1864
Kumamoto, Japan
DiedAugust 2, 1948(1948-08-02) (aged 83)
NationalityJapanese
OccupationPolitician, Cabinet Minister
Adachi Kenzō, Osachi Hamaguchi, Toshio Shimada, Baron Kato, Kataoka Naoharu, and Ema Koigumi in 1916
In this Japanese name, the family name is Adachi.

Biography

Adachi was the son of a samurai in the service of the Hosokawa clan of Kumamoto Domain. After the Meiji Restoration, he studied at the academy founded by Sasaki Tokifusa in Kumamoto. In 1894, during the First Sino-Japanese War he travelled to Korea, initially as a free-lance war correspondent, but soon established two Japanese-language newspapers, the Chōsen Jihō and the Keijō Shimpō. He was later charged with being one of the central instigators and organizers of the assassination of Korean Empress Myeongseong, along with Miura Gorō. Together with other members of the plot, he was arrested on his return to Japan, but was acquitted by the Japanese courts.[1]

In the 1902 General Election, Adachi was elected to the House of Representatives of Japan from the Kumamoto general constituency as a member of the Rikken Dōshikai, and was re-elected four consecutive times, serving until 25 December 1914, when he became Deputy Foreign Minister under the Ōkuma Shigenobu administration. He was elected again to the House of Representatives in the 1917 General Election, serving for another eight consecutive terms to 30 April 1942. The Rikken Dōshikai became the Kenseikai in 1916, which merged with the Seiyu Hontō in 1926 to form the Rikken Minseitō. Adachi was active in organizing these mergers and changes, and consistently promoted a hard-line policy towards China.[2]

Adachi was selected to be Communications Minister under the cabinet of Katō Takaaki in May 1925, continuing under the 1st Wakatsuki administion until April 1927. He then served as Home Minister under the Hamaguchi administration from July 1929, continuing in the same post under the second Wakatsuki administration in December 1931. While as Home Minister, he supported bills granting voting rights to women in local elections, as a first step towards women’s suffrage on a national basis.[3]

Adachi split with the Rikken Minseitō in 1931 over disagreements with Prime Minister Wakatsuki’s opposition to the aggressive steps taken by the Imperial Japanese Army in Manchuria and by Wakatsuki's economic policies, and brought down the Wakatsuki administration by boycotting cabinet meetings after his proposals for a coalition with the rival Rikken Seiyūkai were rejected.[4] He formed a new political party, the Kokumin Dōmei in December 1932, together with Nakano Seigō. The new party advocated a form of state socialism or corporatism with government control of strategic industries and financial institutions, and the creation of a Japan-Manchukuo economic union. The party was absorbed into the Taisei Yokusankai in 1940. However, in 1942, Adachi did not run for re-election, and retired from public life. After the surrender of Japan, he was purged by the American occupation authorities. He died in August 1948 at age 83.

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References
  • Barshay, Andrew. State & Intellectual in Imperial Japan: The Public Man in Crisis. University of California Press (1992). ISBN 0520060172
  • Frederick, Louse. Japan Encyclopedia. Belknap Press (2002). ISBN 0674007700
  • Garon, Sheldon. Molding Japanese Minds: The State in Everyday Life. Princeton University Press (1998). ISBN 9780691044880
  • Hunter, Janet. A Concise Dictionary of Modern Japanese History . University of California Press (1994). ISBN 0520045572
  • Metzler, Mark. Lever of Empire: The International Gold Standard and the Crisis of Liberalism in Prewar Japan. University of California Press (2006) ISBN 0520244206
  • Young, Louse. Japan's Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism. University of California Press (1999). ISBN 0520219341

Notes
  1. Federeck. Japan Encyclopedia, page 6
  2. Barshay. State and Intellectual in Imperial Japan, page 197–200
  3. Garon. Molding Japanese Minds, page 137
  4. Metzler, The Lever of Empire, page 239
Political offices
Preceded by
Inukai Tsuyoshi		 Minister of Communications
30 May 1925 – 20 April 1927		 Succeeded by
Mochizuki Keisuke
Preceded by
Mochizuki Keisuke		 Home Minister
2 July 1929 – 14 April 1931		 Succeeded by
Nakahashi Tokugorō
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