Abraham Adrian Albert

Abraham Adrian Albert (November 9, 1905 – June 6, 1972) was an American mathematician.[1] In 1939, he received the American Mathematical Society's Cole Prize in Algebra for his work on Riemann matrices.[2] He is best known for his work on the Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether theorem on finite-dimensional division algebras over number fields and as the developer of Albert algebras, which are also known as exceptional Jordan algebras.

A. A. Albert
Born(1905-11-09)November 9, 1905
Chicago
DiedJune 6, 1972(1972-06-06) (aged 66)
Chicago
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Chicago
Known forAlbert algebras
AwardsCole Prize (1939)
Scientific career
Fieldsmathematics
InstitutionsColumbia University
University of Chicago
Doctoral advisorL. E. Dickson
Doctoral studentsRichard Block
Nathan Divinsky
Murray Gerstenhaber
Anatol Rapaport
Richard D. Schafer
Daniel Zelinsky

Professional overview

A first generation American, he was born in Chicago and most associated with that city. He received his Bachelor of Science in 1926, Masters in 1927, and PhD in 1928, at the age of 22. All degrees were obtained from the University of Chicago. He married around the same time as his graduation. He spent his postdoctoral year at Princeton University and then from 1929 to 1931 he was an instructor at Columbia University. During this period he worked on Abelian varieties and their endomorphism algebras. He returned to Princeton for the opening year of the Institute for Advanced Study in 1933-34 and spent another year in Princeton in 1961-62 as the first Director of the Communications Research Division of IDA (the Institute for Defense Analyses).

From 1931 to 1972, he served on the mathematics faculty at the University of Chicago, where he became chair of the Mathematics Department in 1958 and Dean of the Physical Sciences Division in 1961.

As a research mathematician, he is primarily known for his work as one of the principal developers of the theory of linear associative algebras and as a pioneer in the development of linear non-associative algebras, although all of this grew out of his work on endomorphism algebras of Abelian varieties.

As an applied mathematician, he also did work for the military during World War II and thereafter. One of his most notable achievements was his groundbreaking work on cryptography. He prepared a manuscript, "Some Mathematical Aspects of Cryptography," for his invited address at a meeting of the American Mathematical Society in November 1941. The theory that developed from this work can be seen in digital communications technologies.

After WWII, he became a forceful advocate favoring government support for research in mathematics on a par with other physical sciences. He served on policy-making bodies at the Office of Naval Research, the United States National Research Council, and the National Science Foundation that funneled research grants into mathematics, giving many young mathematicians career opportunities previously unavailable. Due to his success in helping to give mathematical research a sound financial footing, he earned a reputation as a "statesman for mathematics." Albert was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1968.[3]

Publications

Books
  • A. A. Albert, Algebras and their radicals, and division algebras, 1928.
  • Albert, A. Adrian (2015) [1938], Modern higher algebra, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-54462-8.[4]
  • A. A. Albert, Structure of algebras, 1939.[5] Colloquium publications 24, American Mathematical Society, 2003, ISBN 0-8218-1024-3.
  • Introduction to algebraic theories, 1941
  • College algebra, 1946
  • Solid analytic geometry, 1949
  • Fundamental concepts of higher algebra, 1956[6]
  • with Rebeun Sandler: Introduction to finite projective plans. 1968.
  • Albert, A. Adrian (1993), Block, Richard E.; Jacobson, Nathan; Osborn, J. Marshall; Saltman, David J.; Zelinsky, Daniel (eds.), Collected mathematical papers. Part 1. Associative algebras and Riemann matrices., Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society, ISBN 978-0-8218-0005-8, MR 1213451
  • Albert, A. Adrian (1993), Block, Richard E.; Jacobson, Nathan; Osborn, J. Marshall; Saltman, David J.; Zelinsky, Daniel (eds.), Collected mathematical papers. Part 2. Nonassociative algebras and miscellany, Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society, ISBN 978-0-8218-0007-2, MR 1213452

Articles in PNAS
gollark: I could use cmark instead, but then extending it would be so many 🐝.
gollark: Should I just file an issue saying "horrible performance issues please help"? That seems mean.
gollark: Also, performance is identical (I tested on my test file, which doesn't use emphasis, which is the bit I ended up breaking).
gollark: So it compiles now, with the linked lists mostly gone, but it will not actually work due to mysterious fatal errors.
gollark: It has taken me an *embarrasingly* long time to realize this but this is actually just taking the section of a list between two tokens and moving them to something else.

References
  1. http://www.jinfo.org/Mathematics_Comp.html
  2. Jewish recipients of the Frank Nelson Cole Prizes in algebra and number theory (43% of recipients)
  3. "Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2011.
  4. Brinkmann, H. W. (1938). "Review: Modern Higher Algebra by A. Adrian Albert" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 44 (7): 471–473. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1938-06758-4.
  5. Baer, Reinhold (1940). "Review: A. Adrian Albert, Structure of Algebras". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 46 (7): 587–591. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1940-07233-7.
  6. Mattuck, Arthur (1957). "Review: Fundamental concepts of higher algebra by A. Adrian Albert" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 63 (5): 323–325. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1957-10130-x.

Further reading
  • Nancy E. Albert, A3 and His Algebra: How a Boy from Chicago's West Side Became a Force in American Mathematics, iUniverse, Lincoln, NE, 2005. ISBN 978-0-595-32817-8.
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