A Surge of Power (Jen Reid) 2020

A Surge of Power (Jen Reid) 2020 is a 2020 black resin sculpture by Marc Quinn and Jen Reid. It depicts Reid, a young black female protester, raising her arm in a Black Power salute. It was erected surreptitiously in the city centre of Bristol, England, in the early morning of 15 July 2020. It was placed on the empty plinth from which a 19th-century statue of Edward Colston, who had been involved in the Atlantic slave trade, had been toppled, defaced and pushed into the city's harbour by George Floyd protesters the previous month. The statue was removed by Bristol City Council the day after it was installed.

A Surge of Power (Jen Reid) 2020
ArtistMarc Quinn and Jen Reid
Completion date2020
TypeSculpture
MediumResin and steel
SubjectJen Reid
ConditionFigure removed
LocationBristol, England

Background
See also: Statue of Edward Colston § Toppling and removal

On 7 June 2020 the statue of Edward Colston, a prominent 17th- and 18th-century Bristol merchant, philanthropist and Member of Parliament who had been involved in the Atlantic slave trade,[1] was toppled during George Floyd protests in the United Kingdom. It had stood on a 10 ft 6 in (3.20 m) Portland stone plinth.[2] The siting and existence of the statue had been objected to for many years.[3]

Following the toppling of the statue, Black Lives Matter protester Jen Reid, a woman of Jamaican descent,[4] climbed onto the plinth and made a raised fist. A photograph of this was taken by Reid's husband and posted to Instagram where it was seen by Quinn.[5][6] Reid said: "Seeing the statue of Edward Colston being thrown into the river felt like a truly historical moment; huge. When I was stood there on the plinth, and raised my arm in a Black Power salute, it was totally spontaneous, I didn't even think about it. My immediate thoughts were for the enslaved people who died at the hands of Colston and to give them power. I wanted to give George Floyd power, I wanted to give power to Black people like me who have suffered injustices and inequality."[7]

Description and creation
The sculpture in place on the Colston statue's plinth

The statue A Surge of Power (Jen Reid) 2020 was constructed by the artist Marc Quinn and his team from black resin and steel.[1][6] It is a life-size depiction of Reid, a young black woman,[6] making the same raised fist pose she struck on the plinth shortly after the Colston statue's removal.[1][8] She is depicted wearing a casual jacket over a dress or skirt, and the black beret and glove which she had bought specifically for the march.[4] Her left hand hangs by her side, and she has voluminous curly hair. She stands on a shallow square plinth and the entire work measures 7.5 ft (2.3 m) in height.[9] Quinn and Reid describe the work as a collaboration between them,[10] with Quinn stating that "Jen created the sculpture when she stood on the plinth and raised her arm in the air ... Now we're crystallising it."[1]

To create the sculpture, Quinn made a 3D scan of Reid recreating the pose. The sculpture was 3D printed in sections before being cast in black resin and steel and assembled.[6] To make the statue in bronze would have added several additional months to the project.[4]

Reid and Quinn have designated the work as not-for-profit, stating that, if the sculpture ends up being sold, profits would be donated to Cargo Classroom and The Black Curriculum, two educational charities chosen by Reid.[10]

Erection
Location in Bristol of plinth where statue was erected

The statue was erected secretly, by a team of 10 people in 15 minutes at around 5am on 15 July 2020. It was set on the 10 ft 6 in (3.20 m)[2] Portland stone plinth on which the statue of Edward Colston had stood in The Centre, Bristol.[1] The installation of the statue was not illegal,[6] with police stating that no offence had been committed and that the statue was a matter for the council.[11] The statue was affixed without drilling or gluing in order to minimise the possibility of damage to the plinth.[6]

In a statement issued on the day of the statue's erection, Quinn stated that no formal permission has been sought for its erection.[10] The Mayor of Bristol Marvin Rees later said that some weeks earlier Quinn had asked him about placing a statue on the plinth, but that he had refused believing it to be “not the correct next step for the city” and had the potential to incite race-hate incidents.[12]

Quinn's rationale

Quinn described the piece as a "new temporary, public installation",[10] "ultimately moveable" and that it was "not a permanent artwork".[1] However Quinn said that his team had surveyed the location and it was not easily moved.[13]

In a comment to The Guardian, Quinn said "Racism is a huge problem, a virus that needs to be addressed. I hope this sculpture will continue that dialogue, keep it in the forefront of people's minds, be an energy conductor. The image created by Jen that day – when she stood on the plinth with all the hope of the future of the world flowing through her – made the possibility of greater change feel more real than it has before."[6] In a joint statement Quinn and Reid wrote "Jen and I are not putting this sculpture on the plinth as a permanent solution to what should be there – it's a spark which we hope will help to bring continued attention to this vital and pressing issue. We want to keep highlighting the unacceptable problem of institutionalised and systemic racism that everyone has a duty to face up to. This sculpture had to happen in the public realm now: this is not a new issue, but it feels like there's been a global tipping point. It's time for direct action now."[10]

Removal

Rees, the mayor, said the statue did not have permission to be installed, and would be removed.[14] He had previously said that the future of the plinth would be decided by the people of Bristol.[15] Bristol City Council removed the statue on the morning of 16 July, and said it would be held in its museum "for the artist to collect or donate to our collection".[16] At Rees' request,[17] Quinn covered the cost of the removal.[18] Quinn stated that he would offer a maquette of the statue to the museum.[18]

Reactions

The erection of the statue was met with both praise and criticism.[19] The Guardian reported that, during its short time on the plinth, the statue was mostly popular with passersby in Bristol. A group was reported gathering in objection to the statue, while others took photos, or took the knee.[11] Booker Prize-winning author Bernardine Evaristo described it as “demonstrable commitment to the cause of Black Lives Matter in that it shows active allyship” and addressed the lack of public statues of black women in the UK.[20]

In his Daily Telegraph review however, art critic Alastair Sooke interpreted the erection of the sculpture as “a vainglorious stunt”[21] and similarly the sculptor Thomas J. Price described the work as a “PR stunt and con”, suggesting that it was about Quinn profiting himself.[22] Price said: “a genuine example of allyship could have been to give the financial support and production facilities required for a young, local, Black artist to make the temporary replacement. This would have positioned Black voices into a genuinely powerful position to reclaim their history in an authentic way. Instead, a moment of social change that should have been about bringing equality and real opportunities to Black people has been hijacked.[23]

Charlotte Jansen, writing for Elephant Magazine, noted Quinn’s previous lack of interest in the themes of racism, colonialism and black history in Britain and that he had proved a lack of understanding of systemic racism by taking up space and centering himself in the narrative around the Colston Plinth.[24]

In an article for Art Review, Kadish Morris suggested that Quinn and Reid’s use of the term ‘collaboration’ to describe the work could serve as a loophole for the artist to avoid the charge of exploitation.[25] Morris writes: "It’s easy to be enchanted by visibility, but quick-fix reactionary gestures are flimsy grounds to fight antiblackness upon. Sculptures created by white men that bypass democratic processes (for which activists in Bristol have campaigned, for too long) are not the kinds of radical justice we need to see in the arts and culture sector."[25]

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References
  1. "Edward Colston statue replaced by sculpture of Black Lives Matter protester". The Guardian. 15 July 2020. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  2. "Colston's Day at Bristol". The Times. 14 November 1895. p. 10. The statue is on a massive pedestal, which stands 10 ft. 6 in. high ...
  3. Siddique, Haroon (7 June 2020). "BLM protesters topple statue of Bristol slave trader Edward Colston". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  4. "Statue of Black Protester Is Raised in Place of Bristol Slave Trader". The New York Times. 15 July 2020. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020.
  5. "Black Lives Matter protester statue to be removed". BBC News. 15 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  6. Emelife, Aindrea (15 July 2020). "'Hope flows through her': artist Marc Quinn on replacing Colston with a Black Lives Matter statue". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  7. "Marc Quinn replaces statue of slaver Edward Colston with Black Lives Matter protestor". Dezeen. 15 July 2020.
  8. AP (15 July 2020). "Statue of Black protester replaces toppled UK slave trader". ABC11 Raleigh-Durham. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  9. "Sculpture of Black Lives Matter protester removed from Colston plinth". Shropshire Star. 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  10. "A joint statement from Marc Quinn and Jen Reid". Marc Quinn. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  11. Bland, Archie (16 July 2020). "Black Lives Matter sculpture of Jen Reid removed from Colston plinth". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  12. Humphries, Will (20 July 2020). "Artist ignored plea not to erect statue". The Times. p. 18. Retrieved 21 July 2020. Mr Rees told The Times: "The artist asked me weeks ago if he could erect a statue on the plinth to which I told him I thought it was not the correct next step for the city. I have spoken to him again and shared my concerns about the potential unintended consequences of his action, including the heightened risk of race hate incidents, and asked him to commit to standing by any of these consequences that became real.
  13. "Bristol statue replaced by sculpture of black protester". RTÉ News. 15 July 2020.
  14. "Jen Reid: Black Lives Matter statue to go from Colston plinth". BBC News. 15 July 2020. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  15. "Edward Colston statue replaced by sculpture of Black Lives Matter protester". BBC News. 15 July 2020. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  16. "Black Lives Matter protester statue removed". BBC News. 16 July 2020. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  17. "Sculpture erected to replace statue in Bristol removed". RTÉ News. 16 July 2020.
  18. "Artist vows to pay for removal of protester statue". BBC News. 21 July 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  19. "Art Industry News: Billionaire Ronald Perelman Is Selling Off His Prize Miró and Matisse for Up to $50 Million + Other Stories". Artnet News. 22 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  20. Bakare, Lanre (15 July 2020). "Allyship or stunt? Marc Quinn's BLM statue divides art world". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  21. Sooke, Alastair (15 July 2020). "Marc Quinn's Bristol statue is a vainglorious stunt". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  22. Heaf, Jonathan (20 July 2020). "Windrush memorial artist: 'Marc Quinn's Jen Reid statue colonised the Colston plinth and hijacked the BLM movement. It's a con'". GQ. Condé Nast. Retrieved 20 July 2020. Whatever happens to the sculpture, whether or not it is sold and the benefits go towards a particular charity, Quinn ‘the artist' will certainly benefit from from the media maelstrom it has created; he is now relevant again. In the art word, this sort of pr drives up prices.”
  23. Price, Thomas J. (16 July 2020). "The problem with Marc Quinn's Black Lives Matter sculpture". The Art Newspaper. London. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  24. Jansen, Charlotte (17 July 2020). "How to Fail at Being an Ally to the Black Lives Matter Movement". Elephant.art. Retrieved 17 July 2020. What Quinn has successfully proved is that a large majority of non-Black people still do not understand systemic racism and how it manifests itself. Sadly, despite the statue being removed by Bristol City Council less than 24 hours after it appeared (it is being held by a museum ready for Quinn to collect) Quinn is now at the centre of this narrative. His name and his work overshadows the experience of Jen Reid, the black woman who attended the protest, and what that was intended to represent. It was she who was involved in the movement, and who performed the real act of defiance and power.
  25. Morris, Kadish (21 July 2020). "Marc Quinn's Black Lives Matter Statue Is Not Solidarity". Art Review. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
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