ARAD (Sumerogram)

ARAD, (also ÌR or NITÁ) is the capital letter-(majuscule) Sumerogram for the Akkadian language word "ardu",[2] for servant. It is used especially in the introduction to the Pharaoh: for example "To King, Lord-mine (of Gods(pl)-mine, Sun-god-mine), message thus Xxxxxx, "Servant-yours"-(271). It is also used extensively in Amarna letter texts, the author, usually the "man of a city", (or scribe), where there is a constant reminder that he is a "servant", or "servant-yours"-(of the Pharaoh). Many letters are giving city-state status reports, but many are also requesting help with the Egyptian army troops-(Archers (Egyptian pitati), supplied by the Pharaoh).

Hittite version of ARAD-(ÌR)[1] and the common cuneiform sign usage in the Amarna letters.
EA 364, from Ayyab.
Line 3: "ardu-ka"-(, "Servant-yours" at, (line 4)-feet-yours, Lord-mine).
(very high-resolution expandable photo)

Epic of Gilgamesh

The cuneiform character for ARAD, ÌR, and NITÁ: in the Epic of Gilgamesh is used in the following numbers: ARAD-(2), ÌR-(2), and NITÁ-(2) times. It is used numerous times in the Amarna letters but especially from the city-states of Canaan-(Ki-Na-Ha-A-(-Ha-) in the letters-(EA 30:1, for example)).


gollark: I mean, all it really has to do is HTTP-request a URL every 5 minutes or so, see if it works, run a webserver with this, possibly send another HTTP request (webhÖok) if it fails, and... aggregate historical uptime statistics somehow.
gollark: I could probably do it, but apiaries.
gollark: Am I SERIOUSLY going to have to write my own status page implementation?
gollark: Although I did have to mess with some config to make it crosscompile right.
gollark: ircsysmon, my trivial nim program for IRC-based system monitoring (it made sense at the same time), takes about 10 seconds at most to crosscompile.

References
  1. Held, Schmalstieg, Gertz, 1987. Beginning Hittite, Glossaries, Sign List, p. 56, ÌR.
  2. Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, p. 121, ardu, for "servant".
  • Held, Schmalstieg, Gertz, 1987. Beginning Hittite. Warren H. Held, Jr, William R. Schmalstieg, Janet E. Gertz, c. 1987, Slavica Publishers, Inc. w/ Glossaries, Sign List, Indexes, etc., 218 pages.
  • Parpola, Simo; Mikko Luuko & Kalle Fabritius (1997). The Standard Babylonian, Epic of Gilgamesh. The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project. ISBN 951-45-7760-4 (Volume 1) in the original Akkadian cuneiform and transliteration; commentary and glossary are in English.

See also
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