AMX-30 AuF1

The AMX-30 AuF1 is a French self-propelled gun vehicle currently in use by the armies of France and Saudi Arabia. It replaced the former Mk F3 155mm in French Army service. The AuF1 primary advancement is that it incorporates and provides full armor and nuclear-biological-chemical (NBC) protection for its crew of four, while the former Mk F3 155mm offered no protection and could carry only two of its four crew members. The AuF1 saw combat with the Iraqi Army in the Iran–Iraq War.

AMX-30 AuF1
GCT 155mm self-propelled artillery of the French Army
Type	Self-propelled gun
Place of origin	France
Service history
In service	1977–present
Used by	France, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait
Wars	Iran–Iraq War Gulf War Yugoslav Wars
Production history
Designer	GIAT Industries
Designed	1972 (prototype)
Manufacturer	Nexter
Produced	1977–1995
No. built	400
Specifications
Mass	41.949 tonnes to 43.5 tonnes (42.8 long tons; 48.0 short tons)
Length	10.25 m
Width	3.15 m
Height	3.25 m
Crew	4; Commander, Driver, Gunner and Loader
Armor	20 mm (turret)
Main armament	1× 155 mm CN 155 AUF1 howitzer
Secondary armament	1× Browning M2 12.7mm heavy machine gun
Engine	Hispano-Suiza HS-110 Renault-Mack E9 (AuF1 TA) 680 hp at 2400 RPM 750 hp at 2400 RPM (AuF1 TA)
Suspension	torsion bar
Operational range	420-500 km
Maximum speed	60 km/h on-road.

History

Though the French Mk F3 155mm would remain in production through the 1980s, by the early 1970s the French Army realized there was an urgent need for its replacement. The Mk. 3 155mm lacked a traversable turret and nuclear-biological-chemical (NBC) protection for its crew, and could carry only two of the four crew members needed to operate it (the remaining two having to be transported in support vehicles). Development of the AuF1 began in the late 1960s under the trade name of 155 GCT (155 mm Grande Cadence de Tir; high rate of fire) and the first production version, known as the AuF1, was introduced during the 1980s. About 400 have been produced, with 70 having been upgraded to the AUF2 variant.

AuF1

The CN 155 AuF1 (Canon de 155 Automoteur Modèle F1, meaning "155 mm self-propelled gun model F1") is based on the AMX-30 main battle tank (MBT) chassis and equipped with a 155mm 39-caliber (L/39) gun with a bustle-mounted autoloader, giving a rate of fire of 8 rounds per minute. It is also equipped with a roof-mounted 12.7mm anti-aircraft gun. The AUF1 has an effective range of 23,000 meters firing conventional rounds and 28,000 meters using Rocket Assisted Projectiles (RAPs).[1]

The first production AMX-30 AuF1s were delivered exclusively to the Saudi Arabian Army, while the French Army received their first deliveries in 1980, deploying the AMX-30 AuF1 in regiments of 18 guns each. In addition, the Iraqi Army received a number of AMX-30 AuF1 variants in 1980, which they employed during the Iran–Iraq War.

Variants and upgrades

• AuF1 "experimental": pre-production model tested by the French field corps in 1979. They can be recognized by the lack of louver on the right front part of the turret. One of the six was also fitted with a bore evacuator. The six were later upgraded to the H standard.
• AuF1 H: this designation appeared when the AuF1 T was introduced in order to distinguish the two models. The AuF1 H is fitted with a Citroën AZ 5.4 hp auxiliary power unit (APU) mounted under armor.
• AuF1 T: also known as CTI (Conduite de Tir Inertielle; inertial fire control system), it is fitted with an inertial navigation system linked to the main gun fire control system. The Citroën AZ APU is replaced by a Gévaudan micro-gas turbine, the latter required a more curved glacis plate.
• AuF1 TM: also known as T-MODEX (MODule EXpérimental; "experimental module") 24 were made and were used to test the implementation of the ATLAS system. The AuF1 TM were only used by the 40th artillery regiment.
• AuF1 TA: TA stands for Tourelle ATLAS (ATLAS turret), they were built on AMX-30B2 chassis (which featured stronger torsion bar) using the more powerful Renault-Mack E9 diesel engine. As this new engine was taller, a new 12 cm turret ring was fitted in order to raise up the turret. Unlike the previous variants, the AuF1 TM lacks of APU and uses buffer batteries.
• AU F2: proposed upgrade from the 1990s. Increased range (40 km) and rate of fire (10 rnds/min) is accomplished by having a longer L/52 gun as well as an improved autoloader using modular artillery propelling charges.

Operational history

A battery of 8 AuF1s from the French Army's 40e régiment d'artillerie was deployed in support of the Rapid Reaction Force on Mount Igman during the 1995 NATO bombing campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[2] The battery provided rapid counter-battery fire against Serb artillery units during the siege of Sarajevo, the long range of its guns allowing it to dominate the surrounding terrain.[3]

AuF1 in IFOR service in 1995-1996

• 
  Soldiers loading shells in the ammunition racks at the rear of the turret, near Mostar
• 
  Turret removed from the tank hull for maintenance
• 
  French AuF1 howitzer of the 32nd Artillery Regiment with IFOR markings being serviced near the installations of the 1984 Winter Olympics at Sarajevo

Operators

Map of GCT 155mm operators in blue

GCT 155mm used by Saudi Arabian Military.

Current operators

•  France – 273 units[1], 32 in active service in 2020.
•  Kuwait – 18 units[1]
•  Saudi Arabia – 63 units[1]

Former operators

•  Iraq – 86[1] received between 1983–1985, abandoned or destroyed after the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Notes

1. Foss, Christopher F. (12 February 2002). "Giat Industries 155 mm GCT self-propelled gun". Jane's Armour and Artillery 2002–2003.
2. Marchet, Jean-Dominique (22 July 2008). "Quand tire l'artillerie" [When artillery fires].
3. Jordan, F. (February 2017). "1995 : L'engagement du groupement d'artillerie Leclerc, le 40e RA porte le feu depuis Igman". Soldats de France (in French). No. 1. French Army. pp. 7–9.

References

• Trewhitt, Philip (1999). Armored Fighting Vehicles. New York, NY: Amber Books. p. 116. ISBN 0-7607-1260-3.
• Ludmann, Julie (2016). AMX AuF1 (canon automoteur français). Military Photo Report. p. 52. ISBN 978-1366074195.