866 Fatme

866 Fatme (prov. designation: A917 DG or 1917 BQ) is a large background asteroid, approximately 86 kilometers (53 miles) in diameter, located in the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 25 February 1917.[1] The X-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 5.8 hours. It was named after "Fatme", a character in the opera Abu Hassan by Carl Maria von Weber (1786–1826).[2]

866 Fatme
Discovery [1]
Discovered byM. F. Wolf
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date25 February 1917
Designations
(866) Fatme
Named after
Fatme, a character in the opera Abu Hassan
(Carl Maria von Weber)[2]
A917 DG · 1950 DF1
1917 BQ
main-belt [1][3] · (outer)
background [4][5]
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc102.93 yr (37,596 d)
Aphelion3.2871 AU
Perihelion2.9606 AU
3.1238 AU
Eccentricity0.0523
5.52 yr (2,017 d)
34.544°
0° 10m 42.6s / day
Inclination8.6616°
91.060°
263.20°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
5.800±0.002 h[10]
SMASS = X [3]
9.50[1][3]

    Orbit and classification

    Fatme is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[4][5] It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 3.0–3.3 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,017 days; semi-major axis of 3.12 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.05 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.[3] The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg Observatory on 16 March 1917, or three weeks after its official discovery observation.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after Fatme, a character in the opera Abu Hassan by German composer Carl Maria von Weber (1786–1826). The official naming was also mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 85).[2] Another asteroid 865 Zubaida, was also named after a character of this opera. The composer himself was honored with the naming of 4152 Weber.

    Physical characteristics

    In the Bus–Binzel SMASS classification, Fatme is an X-type asteroid.[3]

    Rotation period

    In June 2018, a rotational lightcurve of Fatme was obtained from 5 nights of photometric observations by Tom Polakis at the Command Module Observatory (V02) in Arizona. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 5.800±0.002 hours with a brightness variation of 0.21±0.02 magnitude (U=2).[10] The result supersedes previously reported period determinations of 20.03±0.01 hours with an amplitude of 0.21±0.05 magnitude by Robert Stephens at the Santana Observatory (646), California, in May 2001 (U=2),[11] 9.4±0.2 hours with an amplitude of 0.06±0.01 magnitude (tentative) by French amateur astronomer Laurent Bernasconi in December 2004 (U=1),[12] 9.36±0.05 hours with an amplitude of 0.06±0.01 magnitude (tentative) by French amateur astronomer René Roy in May 2012 (U=2−),[12] and 20.7±0.1 hours with an amplitude of 0.12±0.02 magnitude by the Spanish group of asteroid observers, OBAS, in January 2016 (U=2−).[13]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), the Japanese Akari satellite, and the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, Fatme measures (78.061±0.360), (86.49±1.16) and (88.31±2.0) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of (0.046±0.007), (0.038±0.001) and (0.0473±0.002), respectively.[6][7][9][8] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0361 and a diameter of 88.11 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.5.[14] Alternative mean-diameter measurements published by the WISE team include (82.388±1.055 km), (88.25±26.33 km) and (95.83±37.32 km) with corresponding albedos of (0.0412±0.0096), (0.04±0.03) and (0.03±0.02).[5][14]

    gollark: I look for nearby apiopyroformic defense bunkers.
    gollark: ++roll d20
    gollark: Well, I hack the laws of physics and become god, obviously.
    gollark: The Earth, or the meteor?
    gollark: ++roll d20

    References
    1. "866 Fatme (A917 DG)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(866) Fatme". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 79. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_867. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 866 Fatme (A917 DG)" (2020-02-01 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
    4. "Asteroid 866 Fatme – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
    5. "Asteroid 866 Fatme". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
    6. Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
    7. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    8. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 5 March 2020. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    9. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
    10. Polakis, Tom (October 2018). "Lightcurve Analysis for Fourteen Main-belt Minor Planets" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 45 (4): 347–352. Bibcode:2018MPBu...45..347P. ISSN 1052-8091.
    11. Stephens, R. D. (March 2002). "Photometry of 866 Fatme, 894 Erda, 1108 Demeter, and 3443 Letsungdao" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 29 (1): 2–3. Bibcode:2002MPBu...29....2S.
    12. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (866) Fatme". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
    13. Aznar Macias, Amadeo; Carreno Garcerain, Alfonso; Arce Masego, Enrique; Brines Rodriguez, Pedro; Lozano de Haro, Juan; Fornas Silva, Alvaro; et al. (July 2016). "Twenty-one Asteroid Lightcurves at Group Observadores de Asteroides (OBAS): Late 2015 to Early 2016" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (3): 257–263. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43..257A. ISSN 1052-8091.
    14. "LCDB Data for (866) Fatme". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 5 March 2020.
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