862 Franzia

862 Franzia (prov. designation: A917 BG or 1917 BF) is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 28 January 1917.[1] The common S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 7.5 hours and measures approximately 28 kilometers (17 miles) in diameter. It was named after the discoverer's son, Franz Wolf.[2]

862 Franzia
Discovery [1]
Discovered byM. F. Wolf
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date28 January 1917
Designations
(862) Franzia
Named after
Franz Wolf
(son of the discoverer)[2]
A917 BG · 1948 TT1
1949 YT · A903 BA
1917 BF
main-belt [1][3] · (middle)
background [4][5]
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc117.04 yr (42,749 d)
Aphelion3.0345 AU
Perihelion2.5732 AU
2.8038 AU
Eccentricity0.0823
4.70 yr (1,715 d)
53.871°
0° 12m 35.64s / day
Inclination13.887°
300.01°
120.97°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
  • 27.033±0.847 km[6]
  • 27.26±1.4 km[7]
  • 28.59±0.91 km[8]
7.5236±0.0006 h[9]
  • 0.125±0.009[8]
  • 0.1368±0.015[7]
  • 0.291±0.033[6]
SMASS = S [3]
9.80[1][3]

    Orbit and classification

    Franzia is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[4][5] It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.6–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 8 months (1,715 days; semi-major axis of 2.8 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 14° with respect to the ecliptic.[3] The body's observation arc begins with one of its first observations as A903 BA at Heidelberg Observatory on 22 January 1903, or 14 years prior to its official discovery observation.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named in honor of Franz Wolf, son of the discoverer Max Wolf. The naming was also mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 84).[2] It also honors the discoverer's father, Franz Wolf, a physician and amateur astronomer who fostered his son's interest in astronomy by setting up a small observatory in the backyard when Max was sixteen.[10]

    Physical characteristics

    In the Bus–Binzel SMASS classification, Franzia is a common, stony S-type asteroid.[3]

    Rotation period

    Over the last two decades, numerous photometric observations of Franzia have been proven challenging to determine a well defined rotation period. In August 2018, a rotational lightcurve was obtained from observations by Christophe Demeautis and Raoul Behrend. Lightcurve analysis gave a period of 7.5236±0.0006 hours with a brightness variation of 0.12±0.01 magnitude (U=3−).[9] This result supersedes previous observations.[11]

    Based on observations taken on September 2004, Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory (716), Colorado, published an ambiguous period of 7.65±0.01 and 15.05±0.02 hours with an amplitude of 0.10 and 0.12 magnitude, respectively, depending on whether the period solution is derived from a monomodal or from a bimodal lightcurve (U=2/2). Alternatively, Warner also gave a revised period of 7.52±0.01 hours and an amplitude of 0.13±0.01 magnitude for his other observation taken on December 2000.[12][13][lower-alpha 1]

    In February 2011, James W. Brinsfield at the Via Capote Observatory (G69) in California measured a period of 5.014±0.001 hours with an amplitude of 0.10±0.03 magnitude (U=2).[14] Observations by Nicolas Esseiva and Raoul Behrend in December 2014 gave a tentative period of 7.52±0.05 hours and a weak amplitude of 0.07±00.01 magnitude (U=2). A basically identical period of 7.52±0.05 hours with a brightness variation of 0.08±0.01 magnitude was determined by French amateur astronomer René Roy in February 2011 (U=2−).[9][11] In March 2016, the Spanish group of asteroid observers, OBAS, measures a period of 16.299±0.013 hours with an amplitude of 0.10±0.01 magnitude (U=2).[15]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, and the Japanese Akari satellite, Franzia measures (27.033±0.847), (27.26±1.4) and (28.59±0.91) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of (0.291±0.033), (0.1368±0.015) and (0.125±0.009), respectively.[6][7][8] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.2700 and a diameter of 28.05 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.8.[11]

    Notes
    1. Lightcurve plot of (862) Franzia , Palmer Divide Observatory, B. D. Warner (2004). Rotation period shown on plot: 7.65±0.01 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.10±0.01 mag. Quality code is 2. Summary figures the LCDB.
    gollark: No, it's obfuscated Rust.
    gollark: I fixed that, see <#457999277311131649>.
    gollark: ++exec```haskellwithIndices :: [a] -> [(Int, a)]withIndices = zip [1..]doStuff :: String -> [(Int, Int, Char)]doStuff s = (\(lineIx, l) -> fmap (\(charIx, char) (lineIx, charIx, char)) $ withIndices l) `concatMap` withIndices (lines s)main = print . doStuff $ "abcd"```
    gollark: ++fortune please provide a relevant one
    gollark: Wow, 3rd in the world!

    References
    1. "862 Franzia (A917 BG)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(862) Franzia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 78. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_863. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 862 Franzia (A917 BG)" (2020-02-02 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
    4. "Asteroid 862 Franzia – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
    5. "Asteroid 862 Franzia". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
    6. Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
    7. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
    8. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 5 March 2020. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    9. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (862) Franzia". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
    10. MacPherson, H. (December 1932). "Obituary: Max Wolf". The Observatory. 55: 355–359. Bibcode:1932Obs....55..355M. ISSN 0029-7704. (p.356)
    11. "LCDB Data for (862) Franzia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 5 March 2020.
    12. Warner, Brian D. (July 2010). "Upon Further Review: I. An Examination of Previous Lightcurve Analysis from the Palmer Divide Observatory" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 37 (3): 127–130. Bibcode:2010MPBu...37..127W. ISSN 1052-8091.
    13. Warner, Brian D. (June 2005). "Asteroid lightcurve analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - fall 2004" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 32 (2): 29–32. Bibcode:2005MPBu...32...29W. ISSN 1052-8091.
    14. Brinsfield, James W. (July 2011). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Via Capote Observatory: 1st Quarter 2011" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (3): 154–155. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38..154B. ISSN 1052-8091.
    15. Aznar Macias, Amadeo; Carreno Garcerain, Alfonso; Arce Masego, Enrique; Brines Rodriguez, Pedro; Lozano de Haro, Juan; Fornas Silva, Alvaro; et al. (July 2016). "Twenty-one Asteroid Lightcurves at Group Observadores de Asteroides (OBAS): Late 2015 to Early 2016" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (3): 257–263. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43..257A. ISSN 1052-8091.
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