845 Naëma

845 Naëma (prov. designation: A916 WM or 1916 AS) is a large asteroid and the parent body of the Naëma family located in the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 16 November 1916, by astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany.[1] The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 20.9 hours and measures approximately 54 kilometers (34 miles) in diameter on average, as it is likely elongated in shape. Any reference of the asteroid's name to a person is unknown.[2]

845 Naëma
Discovery [1]
Discovered byM. F. Wolf
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date16 November 1916
Designations
(845) Naëma
PronunciationGerman: [ˈnaːeːmaː]
Named after
unknown [2]
A916 WM · 1916 AS
main-belt [1][3] · (outer)
Naëma [4][5]
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc103.21 yr (37,699 d)
Aphelion3.1439 AU
Perihelion2.7324 AU
2.9381 AU
Eccentricity0.0700
5.04 yr (1,840 d)
265.75°
0° 11m 44.52s / day
Inclination12.610°
43.144°
294.62°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions63.1 km × 42.5 km
Mean diameter
  • 52.677±0.291 km[6][7]
  • 54.36±2.8 km[8]
  • 60.52±1.06 km[9]
20.892±0.019 h[10]
SMASS = C [3]
10.20[1][3]

    Orbit and classification

    Naëma is the parent body of the Naëma family (611), a smaller family of little more than 300 carbonaceous asteroids, when applying the hierarchical clustering method.[11]:23 This asteroid family is widely recognized by a number of Solar System dynamicists including Zappalà,[12] Nesvorný,[5] as well as Milani and Knežević (AstDyS)[4] The family was first detected by Vincenzo Zappalà in 1994/95.[13]

    Naëma orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.7–3.1 AU once every 5.04 years (1,840 days; semi-major axis of 2.94 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.07 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic.[3] The body's observation arc begins as A916 WM (1916 AS) with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg Observatory on 16 November 1916.[1]

    Naming

    Naëma is a German variant of the biblical name Naomi.[14] However, any reference of this minor planet's name to a person or occurrence is unknown.[2]

    Unknown meaning

    Among the many thousands of named minor planets, Naëma is one of 120 asteroids, for which no official naming citation has been published. All of these asteroids have low numbers, the first being 164 Eva. The last asteroid with a name of unknown meaning is 1514 Ricouxa. They were discovered between 1876 and the 1930s, predominantly by astronomers Auguste Charlois, Johann Palisa, Max Wolf and Karl Reinmuth.[15]

    Physical characteristics

    In the Bus–Binzel SMASS classification, Naëma is a common, carbonaceous C-type asteroid,[16] which is the overall spectral type of the Naëma family.[11]:23

    Rotation period

    In September 2006, a rotational lightcurve of Naëma was obtained from photometric observations by Collin Bembrick at the Mount Tarana Observatory (431), Australia, in collaboration with Bill Allen and Greg Bolt. Lightcurve analysis gave a relatively long rotation period of 20.892±0.019 hours with a brightness variation of 0.16±0.02 magnitude (U=2).[10] In December 2017, French amateur astronomer René Roy determined a lower-rated, tentative period of 12.1±0.3 hours with an amplitude of 0.05±0.01 magnitude (U=1).[17]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, and the Japanese Akari satellite, Naëma measures (52.677±0.291), (54.36±2.8) and (60.52±1.06) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of (0.080±0.019), (0.0788±0.009) and (0.065±0.003), respectively.[6][7][8][9] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0503 and a diameter of 54.05 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.2.[18] Alternative mean-diameter measurements published by the WISE team include (47.19±13.93 km), (52.419±20.30 km), (52.91±11.64 km), (56.933±0.338 km) and (60.12±2.45 km) with corresponding albedos of (0.06±0.05), (0.0417±0.0296), (0.04±0.02), (0.0718±0.0189) and (0.041±0.006).[16][18]

    Several asteroid occultations of Naëma have been observed between 2002 and 2010. The best-rated one from 10 April 2010, gave a best-fit ellipse dimension of (63.1 km × 42.5 km).[16] These timed observations are taken when the asteroid passes in front of a distant star.

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    References
    1. "845 Naema (A916 WM)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(845) Naëma". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 77. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_846. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 845 Naema (A916 WM)" (2020-02-03 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
    4. "Asteroid 845 Naema – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
    5. "Asteroid 845 Naema – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
    6. Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-COMPIL-5-NEOWISEDIAM-V1.0. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
    7. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    8. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
    9. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 7 March 2020. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    10. Bembrick, Collin; Allen, Bill; Bolt, Greg (June 2008). "The Rotation Periods of 845 Naema, 1607 Mavis, and (30105) 2000 FO3" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 35 (2): 74–75. Bibcode:2008MPBu...35...74B. ISSN 1052-8091.
    11. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families. Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.
    12. Zappalà, V.; Bendjoya, Ph.; Cellino, A.; Farinella, P.; Froeschle, C. (1997). "Asteroid Dynamical Families". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-5-DDR-FAMILY-V4.1. Retrieved 4 March 2020.} (PDS main page)
    13. Zappalà, V.; Bendjoya, Ph.; Cellino, A.; Farinella, P.; Froeschlé, C. (August 1995). "Asteroid families: Search of a 12,487-asteroid sample using two different clustering techniques". Icarus. 116 (2): 291–314. Bibcode:1995Icar..116..291Z. doi:10.1006/icar.1995.1127. ISSN 0019-1035.
    14. Nicodemus Frischlin (1606) Methodus declamandi posthuma, in laudatione, thesi de laudibus mulierum demonstrata, p. 165-166
    15. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "Appendix 11 – Minor Planet Names with Unknown Meaning". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Fifth Revised and Enlarged revision. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 927–929. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    16. "Asteroid 845 Naema". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
    17. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (845) Naema". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
    18. "LCDB Data for (845) Naëma". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 7 March 2020.
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