842 Kerstin

842 Kerstin (prov. designation: A916 TB or 1916 AM) is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 1 October 1916, by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany.[1] The assumed C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 18.7 hours and measures approximately 41 kilometers (25 miles) in diameter. Any reference of the origin of the asteroid's name is unknown.[3]

842 Kerstin
Modelled shape of Kerstin from its lightcurve
Discovery [1]
Discovered byM. F. Wolf
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date1 October 1916
Designations
(842) Kerstin
PronunciationGerman: [ˈkɛʁstiːn][2]
Named after
unknown [3]
A916 TB · 1916 AM
Orbital characteristics [4]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc103.12 yr (37,664 d)
Aphelion3.6139 AU
Perihelion2.8597 AU
3.2368 AU
Eccentricity0.1165
5.82 yr (2,127 d)
350.44°
0° 10m 9.48s / day
Inclination14.496°
5.4008°
352.49°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
18.716±0.002 h[11]
(18.0°, 78.0°) (λ1/β1)[11][12]
  • 0.041±0.009[9]
  • 0.050±0.004[8]
  • 0.0552±0.009[7]
C (assumed)[12]

    Orbit and classification

    Kerstin is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[5][6] It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.9–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 10 months (2,127 days; semi-major axis of 3.24 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 14° with respect to the ecliptic.[4] The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg Observatory with its official discovery observation on 1 October 1916.[1]

    Naming

    "Kerstin" is a German feminine first name. Any reference of this name to a person or occurrence is unknown.[3]

    Unknown meaning

    Among the many thousands of named minor planets, Kerstin is one of 120 asteroids, for which no official naming citation has been published. All of these asteroids have low numbers between 164 Eva and 1514 Ricouxa and were discovered between 1876 and the 1930s, predominantly by astronomers Auguste Charlois, Johann Palisa, Max Wolf and Karl Reinmuth.[13]

    Physical characteristics

    Kerstin is an assumed C-type asteroid, with a low astronomical albedo (see below) comparable to fresh asphalt.[12]

    Rotation period

    In 2018, Czech astronomers Josef Ďurech and Josef Hanuš published a modeled lightcurve using photometric data from the Gaia spacecraft's second data release. It showed a sidereal period of 18.716±0.002 hours (U=2), and gave a spin axis at (18.0°, 78.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).[11][12]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Kerstin measures (39.16±2.8), (41.21±1.40) and (43.576±0.190) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of (0.0552±0.009), (0.050±0.004) and (0.041±0.009), respectively.[7][8][9][10] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a carbonaceous asteroid of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 42.23 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.6.[12] Alternative mean-diameter measurements published by the WISE team include (36.87±11.73 km), (38.53±14.48 km), (44.602±0.680 km) and (45.536±0.186 km) with corresponding albedos of (0.06±0.04), (0.06±0.07), (0.051±0.005) and (0.0408±0.0082).[6][12]

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    References
    1. "842 Kerstin (A916 TB)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
    2. (German Names)
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(842) Kerstin". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 77. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_843. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 842 Kerstin (A916 TB)" (2019-11-14 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
    5. "Asteroid 842 Kerstin – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
    6. "Asteroid 842 Kerstin". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
    7. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
    8. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 8 March 2020. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    9. Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
    10. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    11. Ďurech, J.; Hanuš, J. (November 2018). "Reconstruction of asteroid spin states from Gaia DR2 photometry". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 620: A91. arXiv:1810.04485. Bibcode:2018A&A...620A..91D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834007. ISSN 0004-6361.
    12. "LCDB Data for (842) Kerstin". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 8 March 2020.
    13. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "Appendix 11 – Minor Planet Names with Unknown Meaning". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Fifth Revised and Enlarged revision. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 927–929. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
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