706 Hirundo

706 Hirundo (prov. designation: A910 TF or 1910 KX) is an elongated background asteroid, located in the central region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Joseph Helffrich at the Heidelberg Observatory on 9 October 1910.[1] The carbonaceous C-type asteroid (Cgh) has a rotation period of 22.0 hours and measures approximately 30 kilometers (19 miles) in diameter. It was named after the bird genus Hirundo, commonly known as swallows.[3]

706 Hirundo
Modelled shape of Hirundo from its lightcurve
Discovery [1]
Discovered byJ. Helffrich
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date9 October 1910
Designations
(706) Hirundo
Pronunciation/hɪˈrʌndoʊ/[2]
Named after
Hirundo (swallows)[3]
(Genus of birds)
A910 TF · 1948 AE
1957 DA · 1977 QB
A924 WD · 1910 KX
AdjectivesHirundinian /hɪrənˈdɪniən/[8]
Orbital characteristics [4]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc109.55 yr (40,014 d)
Aphelion3.2601 AU
Perihelion2.1987 AU
2.7294 AU
Eccentricity0.1944
4.51 yr (1,647 d)
124.52°
0° 13m 6.96s / day
Inclination14.431°
325.34°
31.090°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
22.027±0.005 h[12][lower-alpha 1]
  • (92°, 66°) (λ1/β1)[6]
  • (244°, 54°) (λ2/β2)[6]
SMASS = Cgh [4]

    Orbit and classification
    Orbit of    706 Hirundo (2000-2020)
       Earth ·    Mars ·   Jupiter

    Hirundo is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[5][6][7]

    It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.2–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 6 months (1,647 days; semi-major axis of 2.73 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 14° with respect to the ecliptic.[4] The body's observation arc begins at Vienna Observatory on 16 October 1910, or six nights after its official discovery observation by Joseph Helffrich at Heidelberg.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after bird genus Hirundo, a group of passerines in the family Hirundinidae (swallows and martins).[3] "Hirundo" is Latin word for swallow. They are found all over the world with the exception of New Zealand and the polar regions. Known for their graceful flight and regular migrations, swallows feature a short bill with a wide gape, small weak feet, and typically a deeply forked tail. They feed on insects caught on the wing. The naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 71).[3]

    Physical characteristics

    In both the Bus–Binzel (SMASS-II) and the Bus–DeMeo classification, Hirundo is a carbonaceous C-type asteroid (Cgh).[4][6][13]

    Rotation period and poles

    In September 2000, a rotational lightcurve of Hirundo was obtained from photometric observations by American Brian Warner at the Palmer Divide Observatory (716) in Colorado. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 22.027±0.005 hours with a high brightness variation of 0.9±0.03 magnitude, indicative of an elongated shape (U=3).[12][lower-alpha 1] During the same opposition, Bill Holliday measures a period of (22.00±0.025 h) and an amplitude of (0.75±0.02) magnitude at his River Oaks Observatory (915) in New Braunfels, Texas (U=3).[14] Further observations by René Roy (2011), Patrice Le Guen (2018), and Anaël Wünsche and Raoul Behrend (2020) determined a period of (22.002±0.003 h), (22.0±0.5 h) and (22.00248 h) with an amplitude of (0.39±0.01), (0.68±0.05) and (0.15±0.04) magnitude, respectively (U=3/2/n.a.).[15]

    Two lightcurves, published in 2016, using modeled photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database (LPD) and other sources, gave a concurring period of (22.0160±0.0005) and (22.0161±0.0001) hours, respectively. Each modeled lightcurve also determined two spin axes of (92°, 66°) and (244°, 54°), as well as (91°, 70°) and (250°, 45°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β), respectively.[6][16][17][18]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Hirundo measures (29.22±1.5), (29.36±0.79) and (30.819±0.553) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of (0.1721±0.019), (0.172±0.011) and (0.081±0.011), respectively.[9][10][11]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0853 and a diameter of 28.70 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.[16] The WISE-team also published two alternative mean-diameters of (24.44±8.42 km) and (24.72±4.69 km) with a corresponding albedos of (0.09±0.07) and (0.09±0.03).[6][16]

    Notes
    1. Lightcurve plot of 706 Hirundo, Palmer Divide Observatory (PDO), B. Warner (2000). Rotation period 22.027±0.005 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.9±0.03 mag. Quality code is 3. Summary figures at the LCDB and PDO websites.
    gollark: This isn't a freedom of speech problem, this is an idiots problem.
    gollark: No, they use better modulation and stuff.
    gollark: It's called 5G because it's fifth generation because it comes after 4G.
    gollark: No.
    gollark: I don't like it. We use a BT router with that "feature" at home and I cannot figure out how to turn it off and it *annoys me slightly*.

    References
    1. "706 Hirundo (A910 TF)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
    2. "hirundine". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(706) Hirundo". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 68. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_707. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 706 Hirundo (A910 TF)" (2020-04-28 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
    5. "Asteroid 706 Hirundo – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
    6. "Asteroid 706 Hirundo". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
    7. Zappalà, V.; Bendjoya, Ph.; Cellino, A.; Farinella, P.; Froeschle, C. (1997). "Asteroid Dynamical Families". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-5-DDR-FAMILY-V4.1. Retrieved 16 June 2020.} (PDS main page)
    8. 'Our Chronicle', The Eagle, vol. XXVIII, 1907, p. 355
    9. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
    10. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 16 June 2020. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    11. Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
    12. Warner, B. (March 2001). "Asteroid Photometry at the Palmer Divide Observatory: Results for 706 Hirundo, 957 Camelia, and 1719 Jens" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 28 (1): 4–5. Bibcode:2001MPBu...28....4W.
    13. DeMeo, Francesca E.; Binzel, Richard P.; Slivan, Stephen M.; Bus, Schelte J. (July 2009). "An extension of the Bus asteroid taxonomy into the near-infrared". Icarus. 202 (1): 160–180. Bibcode:2009Icar..202..160D. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.02.005. Archived 17 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine (Catalog at PDS)
    14. Holliday, B. (June 2001). "Photometry of Asteroid 706 Hirundo, August and September 2000" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 28 (1): 22. Bibcode:2001MPBu...28...22H.
    15. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (706) Hirundo". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
    16. "LCDB Data for (706) Hirundo". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 16 June 2020.
    17. Hanuš, J.; Ďurech, J.; Oszkiewicz, D. A.; Behrend, R.; Carry, B.; Delbo, M.; et al. (February 2016). "New and updated convex shape models of asteroids based on optical data from a large collaboration network". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 586: A108. arXiv:1510.07422. Bibcode:2016A&A...586A.108H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527441. ISSN 0004-6361.
    18. Ďurech, J.; Hanuš, J.; Oszkiewicz, D.; Vančo, R. (March 2016). "Asteroid models from the Lowell photometric database". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 587: A48. arXiv:1601.02909. Bibcode:2016A&A...587A..48D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527573. ISSN 0004-6361.
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