509th Tactical Fighter Squadron

The 509th Tactical Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 10th Tactical Fighter Wing at RAF Alconbury, England, where it was inactivated on 30 December 1992.

509th Tactical Fighter Squadron
Squadron A-10A Thunderbolt II[note 1]
Active1943–1945; 1952–1958; 1959–1970; 1979–1992
Country United States
Branch United States Air Force
Rolefighter bomber
EngagementsEuropean Theater of Operations
Vietnam War
DecorationsDistinguished Unit Citation
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat "V" Device
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Cited in the Order of the Day by the Belgian Army
Vietnamese Gallantry Cross with Palm
Insignia
509th Tactical Fighter Squadron emblem (approved 30 January 1957)[1]
509th Fighter Squadron emblem (World War II)[2]
Vietnam War tail codePK
World War II fuselage code[2]G9

The squadron was first activated as the 624th Bombardment Squadron in 1943, changing to the 509th Fighter-Bomber Squadron a few months later. After training in the United States, it moved to England in March 1944, helping prepare for Operation Overlord by attacking targets in France. Following D-Day, the squadron moved to the continent, providing close air support for Allied forces. The squadron earned a Distinguished Unit Citation and was cited in the Order of the Day by the Belgian Army. After V-E Day The squadron returned to the United States and was inactivated at the Port of Embarkation.

The squadron was activated again in 1952, when it replaced an Air National Guard squadron that had been mobilized for the Korean War. It trained for fighter bomber operations until inactivating in 1958. A year later, it was activated in the Philippines as the 509th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron with an air defense mission. It deployed interceptor aircraft to Taiwan and from 1962 to 1969 maintained detachments in Vietnam.

The squadron was inactivated in 1970, but returned in England in 1979.

History

World War II

The squadron was originally activated at Drew Field, Florida on 1 March 1943 as the 624th Bombardment Squadron, one of the four original squadrons of the 405th Bombardment Group. It was initially equipped with Douglas A-24 Banshees and Bell P-39 Airacobras. Although retaining the same mission and equipment, in August the squadron was renamed the 509th Fighter-Bomber Squadron. The following month, it moved to Walterboro Army Air Field, South Carolina, where it began to fly the Republic P-47 Thunderbolts, with which it would be equipped for the rest of World War II. On 14 February 1944, the 509th left its training base for the European Theater of Operations.[1][3]

509th Fighter Squadron P-47D
P47D 509th Fighter Squadron 1944

The squadron arrived at its first station in the theater, RAF Christchurch, England in early March 1944 and flew its first combat mission the following month. It dropped the "bomber" portion of its designation in May, but retained the fighter bomber mission. The 509th helped prepare for Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy, by striking military airfields, and lines of communication, particularly bridges and railroad marshalling yards. On D-Day, it flew combat patrols in the vicinity of Brest, France, and in the following days flew armed reconnaissance missions over Normandy.[3]

Toward the end of June, the squadron moved to Picauville Airfield, France, and for the rest of the war concentrated on providing close air support for ground forces. It supported Operation Cobra, the breakout at Saint Lo in July with attacks on military vehicles and artillery positions. The squadron engaged and destroyed a German armored column near Avranches, France on 29 July 1944. After immobilizing leading and trailing elements of the 3-mile (4.8 km) long column, the rest of the tanks and trucks were systematically destroyed with multiple sorties.[4] Its operations from D-Day through September 1944 supporting the liberation of Belgium earned the squadron a citation in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army. The squadron received a Distinguished Unit Citation for action on 24 September 1944 when the 4th Armored Division experienced a counterattack by enemy forces and urgently needed air support. Elements of the 405th Group attacked the enemy armor despite an 800-foot ceiling that forced attacks to be made from low level in the face of intense flak. A second group element was unable to locate the tank battle because of the adverse weather, but located a reinforcing column of armor and trucks, causing major damage. A third element attacked warehouses and other buildings in the vicinity that were being used by the enemy.[3][note 2]

The squadron flew its last combat mission of the war on 8 May 1945. It briefly served in the occupation forces at AAF Station Straubing, but by 8 July was mostly a paper unit. Its remaining personnel returned to the United States in October and the squadron was inactivated upon arrival at the Port of Embarkation.[1][3]

Reactivation as a fighter bomber unit
509th FBS F-100D 55-2768

The squadron returned to its designation as the 509th Fighter-Bomber Squadron and was activated at Godman Air Force Base, Kentucky on 1 December 1952, when it assumed the mission, personnel and F-47 Thunderbolt aircraft of the 141st Fighter-Bomber Squadron, a New Jersey Air National Guard unit that had been called to active duty for the Korean War. However, Godman was not suitable for jet fighter operations, and in April 1953, the squadron moved to Langley Air Force Base, Virginia[1] as the Air Force prepared to transfer Godman to the Army. After arriving at Langley, the squadron was able to upgrade to Republic F-84 Thunderjets, later upgrading to North American F-100 Super Sabres. The squadron was inactivated with the rest of the 405th Wing in July 1958.[1][5]

Air defense in the Pacific
Squadron TF-102 at Clark Air Base, Philippines in 1962[note 3]

The squadron was redesignated the 509th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron and activated in April 1959, when the 405th Fighter Wing replaced the 6200th Air Base Wing at Clark Air Base, Philippines. The squadron assumed the mission, personnel and North American F-86D Sabres of the 26th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, which was simultaneously inactivated.[1][6] The following year, the squadron replaced its Sabres with Convair F-102 Delta Daggers, which were armed with AIM-4 Falcons and equipped with data link for intercept control.[1][5]

The squadron mission was air defense of the Philippines, but as the only USAF interceptor unit in the southern Pacific, the squadron was called on to deploy elements to other countries.[5] One of the earliest deployments was to Don Muang Airport outside Bangkok, Thailand of six F-102s under Operation Bell Tone.[7] It also deployed to Taiwan. In March 1962, the American radar unit at Pleiku Air Base began to detect unknown aircraft entering South Vietnamese airspace. In response, the squadron sent a detachment of four "Deuces" to Tan Son Nhut Airport, near Saigon. One was a two-seat TF-102, which proved better at intercepting the slow-moving aircraft used for training to simulate the intruders. As a result, more TF-102s were drawn from Fifth and Thirteenth Air Forces for the detachment. In July, the squadron's planes were replaced by Navy Douglas AD-5Q Q-Birds, and the Air Force and Navy began a series of six-week rotations for air defense in Vietnam.[8]

Squadron F-102As over Vietnam in November 1966.

The Gulf of Tonkin Incident resulted in another deployment of squadron interceptors to Vietnam. On 5 August 1964, six F-102s deployed from Clark to Da Nang Air Base in the northern part of South Vietnam.[9] By the end of 1966, the squadron was maintaining six planes on alert at Bien Hoa Air Base in addition to the six at Da Nang, with another ten located in Thailand at Don Muang and at Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base. After June 1966, the detachments in Thailand were maintained jointly with the 64th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, which had been activated as a second F-102 unit at Clark.[10][11] Fourteen aircraft were kept on five-minute alert, while the rest were expected to respond within an hour. Missions included providing top cover for Boeing B-52 Stratofortresses engaged in Operation Arc Light missions. This alert commitment lasted until December 1969, and 15 F-102s were lost during Southeast Asia operations.[12] The squadron's detachments in Thailand were closed under Projects Banner Star and Banner Sun and their planes returned to Clark.[11] The squadron became nonoperational on 17 July 1970 and was inactivated a week later with the phaseout of the F-102 in the Pacific.[5][13]

Tactical fighter operations in Europe

The squadron was again redesignated, this time as the 509th Tactical Fighter Squadron and activated at RAF Woodbridge, England in October 1979 as the 81st Tactical Fighter Wing changed its mission to close air support and air interdiction as it equipped with Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt IIs and expanded from three to six operational squadrons.[14] Four months later, the squadron moved to the 81st Wing's main base at RAF Bentwaters. The squadron participated in joint and combined exercises with American and British ground forces and periodically deployed to designated wartime operating bases at RAF Ahlhorn and Norvenich Air Base in Germany.[14]

In June 1988, the squadron moved to RAF Alconbury, where it was assigned to the 10th Tactical Fighter Wing. The squadron continued the same mission until inactivating in late December 1992 as the US reduced its presence in the United Kingdom.[15]

Lineage
  • Constituted as the 624th Bombardment Squadron (Dive) on 4 February 1943
Activated on 1 March 1943
Redesignated 509th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 10 August 1943
Redesignated 509th Fighter Squadron on 30 May 1944
Inactivated on 15 October 1945
  • Redesignated 509th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 15 October 1952
Activated on 1 December 1952
Inactivated on 1 July 1958
  • Redesignated 509th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 11 March 1959
Activated on 9 April 1959[16]
Inactivated on 24 July 1970
  • Redesignated 509th Tactical Fighter Squadron on 30 April 1979
  • Activated on 1 October 1979[17]
Inactivated on 30 December 1992[18]

Assignments
  • 405th Bombardment Group (later 405th Fighter-Bomber Group, 405th Fighter Group), 1 March 1943 – 15 October 1945
  • 405th Fighter-Bomber Group, 1 December 1952
  • 405th Fighter-Bomber Wing, 8 October 1957 – 1 July 1958
  • 405th Fighter Wing, 9 April 1959 – 24 July 1970[5][16] (attached to 23d Air Base Group 5 August 1964 – 8 July 1965, 6252d Tactical Fighter Wing 8 July–November 1965)
  • 81st Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 October 1979[14]
  • 10th Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 September 1988 – 30 December 1992[15]

Stations

Aircraft
  • Douglas A-24 Banshee, 1943
  • Bell P-39 Airacobra, 1943
  • Republic P-47 Thunderbolt (later F-47), 1943–1945, 1952[5]
  • Republic F-84 Thunderjet, 1953–1956
  • North American F-100 Super Sabre, 1956–1958
  • North American F-86D Sabre, 1959–1960
  • Convair F-102 Delta Dagger, 1960–1970[16][5][16]
  • Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II, 1979–1992[14][15]

Awards and campaigns
Award streamerAwardDatesNotes
Distinguished Unit Citation24 September 1944509th Fighter Squadron[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat "V" Device1 January 1968-15 December 1969509th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron[23]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 November 1960-30 June 1961509th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award5 August 1964-31 March 1965509th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron[24]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 July 1979-30 June 1981509th Tactical Fighter Squadron[23]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 July 1981-30 June 1983509th Tactical Fighter Squadron[23]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 June 1989-31 May 1991509th Tactical Fighter Squadron[23]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 June 1991-31 May 1992509th Tactical Fighter Squadron[23]
Vietnamese Gallantry Cross with Palm1 April 1966-24 July 1970509th Tactical Fighter Squadron[23]
Campaign Streamer Campaign Dates Notes
Air Offensive, Europe7 March 1944 – 5 June 1944509th Fighter-Bomer Squadron (later 509th Fighter Squadron)[1]
Air Combat, EAME Theater7 March 1944 – 11 May 1945509th Fighter-Bomer Squadron (later 509th Fighter Squadron)[1]
Normandy6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944509th Fighter Squadron[1]
Northern France25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944509th Fighter Squadron[1]
Rhineland15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945509th Fighter Squadron[1]
Ardennes-Alsace16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945509th Fighter Squadron[1]
Central Europe22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945509th Fighter Squadron[1][note 4]
gollark: It's temporarily offline.
gollark: Why? BEES™.
gollark: Time to RANDOMLY RECONFIGURE OSMARKS.TK AGAIN!
gollark: An AI designed to write optimized BF versions of itself will be far too confused by reality to wipe out humans.
gollark: We should make self-improving AIs in esolangs so that their internal models of things will be far enough from reality that they cannot destroy humanity.

See also

References

Notes
Explanatory notes
  1. Aircraft is Fairchild Republic A-10A Thunderbolt II, serial 76-548, taken about 1990.
  2. Both Maurer and Rust identify the 405th Group's three attacks as being made by one of the group's three squadrons. However, neither identifies which squadron was involved in which action. All three of the group's squadrons were awarded a DUC for the day's attacks. Maurer, Combat Units, pp.290–291; Rust, p. 122.
  3. Aircraft is Convair TF-102A-30-CO Delta Dagger, serial 55-4042.
  4. Because the squadron remained at Clark, and only detachments were located in Vietnam, the squadron does not have credit for any campaigns in Vietnam.
Citations
  1. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 612
  2. Watkins, pp. 50–51
  3. Maurer, Combat Units, pp.290–291
  4. Rust, p. 97
  5. Ravenstein, pp. 217–219
  6. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 134–135
  7. Futrell & Blumenson, p. 279
  8. Futrell & Blumenson, pp. 130–131
  9. Futrell & Blumenson, p. 229
  10. Robertson, Patsy (30 July 2009). "Factsheet 64 Aggressor Squadron (ACC)". Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  11. Corona Harvest Withdrawal, pp. 20–21
  12. Knaack, p. 168
  13. Knaack, p. 170
  14. Robertson, Patsy (22 August 2011). "Factsheet 81 Training Wing (AETC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  15. Robertson, Patsy (18 April 2018). "Factsheet 10 Air Base Wing (USAFA)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  16. Lineage information, including aircraft and assignments, through March 1963 in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 612
  17. See Robertson, Factsheet 81 Training Wing (assignment to 81st Wing)
  18. See Robertson, Factsheet 10 Air Base Wing (assignment to 10th Wing)
  19. Station number in Anderson.
  20. Station number in Johnson.
  21. Station information through March 1963 in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 612, except as noted.
  22. Fletcher, p. 27
  23. "Air Force Personnel Services: Unit Awards". Air Force Personnel Center. Retrieved 30 August 2019. (search)
  24. AF Pamphlet 900-2, p. 412

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/.

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