478 Tergeste

Tergeste, (minor planet designation: 478 Tergeste) provisional designation 1901 GU, is a rare-type stony asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 78 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 21 September 1901, by Italian astronomer Luigi Carnera at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany.[14] It was named after the Italian city of Trieste.[3]

478 Tergeste
Discovery [1]
Discovered byL. Carnera
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date21 September 1901
Designations
(478) Tergeste
Pronunciation/tərˈdʒɛstiː/[2]
Named after
Trieste (Italian city)[3]
1901 GU · 1948 RU1
main-belt · (outer) [4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 16 February 2017 (JD 2457800.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc115.13 yr (42,051 days)
Aphelion3.2697 AU
Perihelion2.7659 AU
3.0178 AU
Eccentricity0.0835
5.24 yr (1,915 days)
274.22°
0° 11m 16.8s / day
Inclination13.182°
233.90°
239.54°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions77.252±1.447 km[5]
77.71 km (taken)[4]
77.714 km[6]
79.46±1.5 km (IRAS:21)[7]
80.738±1.032[8]
85.59±1.03 km[9]
15±5 h[10]
16.104±0.001 h[11]
16.105±0.001 h[12]
0.155±0.005[9]
0.174±0.045[8]
0.1798±0.007 (IRAS:21)[7]
0.1902±0.0282[5]
0.1914[6]
B–V = 0.850[1]
U–B = 0.445[1]
S (Tholen)[1]
L (SMASS)[1] · L [4]
7.96±0.05[4][6][10] · 7.97±0.23[13] · 7.98[1][5][7][9]

    Classification and orbit

    Tergeste orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.3 AU once every 5 years and 3 months (1,915 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins with its first used observation at Koenigsberg Observatory, 2 days after its official discovery at Heidelberg.[14]

    Physical characteristics

    Tergeste is a stony S-type asteroid, which belongs to the small group of 41 bodies classified as rare L-subtype in the SMASS taxonomy.[15]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Tergeste measures between 77.3 and 85.6 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.155 and 0.191.[5][6][7][8][9] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link agrees with the revised WISE results and takes an albedo of 0.1914, an absolute magnitude of 7.96 and a diameter of 77.1 kilometers.[4][6]

    Lightcurves

    In July 2005, a rotational lightcurve of Tergeste was obtained by several photometrists including Laurent Bernasconi, Reiner Stoss, Petra Korlević and Raoul Behrend. The light-curve gave a rotation period of 16.104±0.001 hours with a brightness variation of 0.23 in magnitude (U=2+),[11] superseding a period of 15±5 hours from the 1980s (U=n/a).[10]

    In January 2013, another lightcurve was obtained during a photometric survey by predominantly Polish and Japanese observatories. It gave a similar period of 16.105±0.001 hours with an amplitude of 0.30 magnitude (U=n/a).[12]

    Naming

    This minor planet is named for the northeastern Italian city of Trieste (also known by its pre-Roman name "Tergeste"). It is the birthplace of the discoverer,[3] who also worked there as director of the Trieste Observatory for many years.

    gollark: What?
    gollark: It's about as useful as the contents of my "random files" folder, which contains everything from zipped backups of my pastebin to some random textbooks Springer temporarily made free to some papers which looked interesting to HTML file archives of interesting web content.
    gollark: There's not even a "README" explaining why any of the stuff in it is there and providing an overview, this *is not readable*.
    gollark: If you want anyone to actually evaluate whatever claims you're making, actually explain them rather than just dumping a random trashpile on them.
    gollark: There is not anything coherent to this other than a pile of random papers.

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 478 Tergeste (1901 GU)" (2016-11-08 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
    2. Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (478) Tergeste. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 53. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_479. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "LCDB Data for (478) Tergeste". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 18 August 2016.
    5. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    6. Pravec, Petr; Harris, Alan W.; Kusnirák, Peter; Galád, Adrián; Hornoch, Kamil (September 2012). "Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations" (PDF). Icarus. 221 (1): 365–387. Bibcode:2012Icar..221..365P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
    7. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    8. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    9. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    10. Harris, A. W.; Young, J. W. (October 1989). "Asteroid lightcurve observations from 1979–1981". Icarus. 81 (2): 314–364. Bibcode:1989Icar...81..314H. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(89)90056-0. ISSN 0019-1035.
    11. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (478) Tergeste". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
    12. Marciniak, A.; Pilcher, F.; Oszkiewicz, D.; Santana-Ros, T.; Urakawa, S.; Fauvaud, S.; et al. (December 2015). "Against the biases in spins and shapes of asteroids". Planetary and Space Science. 118: 256–266. arXiv:1711.02429. Bibcode:2015P&SS..118..256M. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2015.06.002.
    13. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 – Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007.
    14. "478 Tergeste (1901 GU)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
    15. "JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: "spectral type = D (SMASSII)"". JPL Solar System Dynamics. Retrieved 18 August 2016.

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