4547 Massachusetts

4547 Massachusetts (prov. designation: 1990 KP) is a dark background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 24 kilometers (15 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 16 May 1990, by Japanese astronomers Kin Endate and Kazuro Watanabe at the JCPM Sapporo Station (392) on the island of Hokkaido, Japan.[14] The asteroid was named for the U.S. state of Massachusetts.[2]

4547 Massachusetts
Massachusetts modeled from its lightcurve
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Watanabe
K. Endate
Discovery siteJCPM Sapporo Stn. (392)
Discovery date16 May 1990
Designations
(4547) Massachusetts
Named after
Massachusetts
(List of U.S. states)[2]
1990 KP · 1958 TW
1960 ED · 1962 UF
1974 TD · 1977 FB2
1979 UJ2 · 1985 DC2
1987 SP13 · A909 BG
main-belt · (middle) [3]
background [4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc108.42 yr (39,602 days)
Aphelion2.7966 AU
Perihelion2.4305 AU
2.6136 AU
Eccentricity0.0700
4.23 yr (1,543 days)
346.61°
0° 13m 59.88s / day
Inclination18.016°
358.31°
37.908°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
21.85±6.57 km[5]
24.13 km (derived)[3]
24.37±2.8 km[6]
25.52±0.52 km[7]
31.41±10.35 km[8]
31.69±0.72 km[9]
33.036±0.214 km[10]
33.395±0.169 km[11]
7.703±0.005 h[12]
7.75±0.02 h[13]
0.039±0.010[10]
0.0398±0.0077[11]
0.04±0.04[8]
0.06±0.03[5]
0.068±0.013[7]
0.0695 (derived)[3]
0.073±0.004[9]
0.1184±0.032[6]
SMASS = X [1][3] · P [11]
11.00[6][9] · 11.50[7][11] · 11.60[3][8] · 11.7[1] · 11.95[5]

    Orbit and classification

    Massachusetts is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population.[4] It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.4–2.8 AU once every 4 years and 3 months (1,543 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.07 and an inclination of 18° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The asteroid was first observed as 1969 TF at Crimea-Nauchnij in October 1969. The body's observation arc also begins at Nauchnij in October 1980, more than seven years prior to its official discovery observation at Sapporo.[14]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after Massachusetts, the U.S. state in which the Minor Planet Center (MPC) is located. In the late 19th century, there had been an agricultural and technological knowledge transfer from Massachusetts to Hokkaido, where this asteroid was discovered. The Japanese island of Hokkaido and Massachusetts also have a sister-state relationship since 1990.[2] The official naming citation was published by the MPC on 21 November 1991 (M.P.C. 19337).[15]

    Physical characteristics

    In the SMASS classification, Massachusetts is an X-type asteroid,[1] while the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) characterizes it as a primitive P-type asteroid with an albedo of 0.0398.[11]

    Rotation period

    Photometric observations of Massachusetts during January 2006, by American Brian Warner at the Palmer Divide Observatory (716) in Colorado Springs, Colorado, were used to generate a well-defined lightcurve with a rotation period of 7.703 hours and a variation in brightness of 0.29 magnitude.[12][lower-alpha 1]

    In February 2006, photometric observations by French amateur astronomer Pierre Antonini, gave a concurring period of 7.75 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.27 magnitude (U=3-).[13]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Massachusetts measures between 21.85 and 33.395 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.039 and 0.1184.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0695 and a diameter of 24.13 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.6.[3]

    Notes
    1. Lightcurve plot of 4547 Massachusetts, Palmer Divide Observatory, Brian D. Warner (2006). Rotation period 7.703±0.005 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.29±0.02 mag. Quality Code of 3. Summary figures for (4547) Massachusetts at Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL).
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    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 4547 Massachusetts (1990 KP)" (2017-07-03 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(4547) Massachusetts". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 391. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_4481. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (4547) Massachusetts". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
    4. "Asteroid 4547 Massachusetts – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
    5. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
    6. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    7. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
    8. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
    9. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    10. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
    11. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    12. Warner, Brian D. (September 2006). "Asteroid lightcurve analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - late 2005 and early 2006" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 33 (3): 58–62. Bibcode:2006MPBu...33...58W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
    13. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (4547) Massachusetts". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
    14. "4547 Massachusetts (1990 KP)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
    15. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
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