3800 Karayusuf

3800 Karayusuf, provisional designation 1984 AB, is a Mars-crossing asteroid and suspected binary system from inside the asteroid belt, approximately 2.5 kilometers (1.6 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 4 January 1984, by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at the Palomar Observatory in California.[1] The S/L-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 2.2 hours.[3] It was named after Syrian physician Alford Karayusuf, a friend of the discoverer.[1]

3800 Karayusuf
Discovery [1]
Discovered byE. F. Helin
Discovery sitePalomar Obs.
Discovery date4 January 1984
Designations
(3800) Karayusuf
Named after
Alford Karayusuf [1]
(discoverer's friend)
1984 AB · 1975 XL4
Mars-crosser [1][2][3]
Orbital characteristics [2]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc42.47 yr (15,513 d)
Aphelion1.6974 AU
Perihelion1.4584 AU
1.5779 AU
Eccentricity0.0757
1.98 yr (724 d)
349.96°
0° 29m 50.28s / day
Inclination14.847°
95.451°
115.76°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
2.51±0.25 km[4]
2.2319±0.0001 h[5][lower-alpha 1]
0.281[4]
SMASS = S [2] · S [3][6]
L (SDSS-MOC)[7][8][9]
14.81±0.94[9]
15.00[1][2][3][4][10][11]
15.40[6]

    Orbit and classification

    Karayusuf is a Mars-crossing asteroid, a dynamically unstable group between the main-belt and the near-Earth populations, crossing the orbit of Mars at 1.66 AU. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.46–1.70 AU once every 2 years (724 days; semi-major axis of 1.58 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 15° with respect to the ecliptic. On 11 June 1938, Karayusuf passed 0.0151 AU (2,260,000 km; 1,400,000 mi) from Mars.[2]

    The body's observation arc begins with its first observations as 1975 XL4 at Crimea–Nauchnij in December 1975, almost 12 years prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after Syrian physician Alford Karayusuf, a supporter of the Near-earth asteroid research projects at JPL and a leader of the World Space Foundation's program of Solar System exploration.[1] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 November 1990 (M.P.C. 17221).[12] The main-belt asteroid 5255 Johnsophie, also discovered by Helin, was named after Alford Karayusuf's children, John and Sophie (also see the asteroid's citation).

    Physical characteristics

    In the SMASS classification, Karayusuf is a common, stony S-type asteroid.[2] The asteroid has also been characterized as an L-type asteroid by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Pan-STARRS' photometric survey.[7][8][9]

    Rotation period

    In March 2008, a rotational lightcurve of Karayusuf was obtained from photometric observations by Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 2.2319±0.0001 hours with a rather small brightness amplitude of 0.15 magnitude (U=3).[5][lower-alpha 1] The body's rotation is close to the threshold-period of that of a fast rotator, which would fly apart if they were not composed of a solid, monolithic structure.

    Follow-up observations by Warner in 2010, 2014 and 2018 gave similar results.[13][14][lower-alpha 2] The asteroid was also observed by Brian Skiff (2.225 h) and William Ryan (2.23 h) in 2018.[lower-alpha 3]

    Binary candidate

    During Brian Warner's photometric observations, two possible mutual eclipsing/occultation events were observed, indicating that Karayusuf is a binary asteroid with a satellite in its orbit. The data, however, was insufficient to calculate a rotation period.[5] In 2010 and in 2014, when observing conditions had a nearly identical phase angle, no evidence of an orbiting minor-planet moon was found.[13][14] The results of the 2018-observation have not yet been published.[lower-alpha 2]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Karayusuf measures 2.51 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.281,[4] while other NEOWISE observations gave a diameter of 1.624 kilometers with a not very plausible albedo of 0.657.[10][11] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a stony asteroid of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 2.97 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 15.0.[3]

    Notes
    1. Lightcurve plots of (3800) Karayusuf from 2008 and 2010, by B. D. Warner at the Palmer Divide Observatory.
    2. Warner (2018) web: rotation period 2.2328±0.0004 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.18±0.01 mag. Quality code is 3. Summary figures for (3800) Karayusuf at the LCDB.
    3. Photometric observation of (3800) Karayusuf by Brian Skiff and Bill Ryan. Quality code of 3-/2. Summary figures at the LCDB.
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    References
    1. "3800 Karayusuf (1984 AB)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
    2. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3800 Karayusuf (1984 AB)" (2018-05-24 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
    3. "LCDB Data for (3800) Karayusuf". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 24 September 2018.
    4. Alí-Lagoa, V.; Delbo', M. (July 2017). "Sizes and albedos of Mars-crossing asteroids from WISE/NEOWISE data". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 603: 8. arXiv:1705.10263. Bibcode:2017A&A...603A..55A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629917.
    5. Warner, Brian D. (October 2008). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory: February-May 2008". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 35 (4): 163–166. Bibcode:2008MPBu...35..163W. ISSN 1052-8091.
    6. Carry, B.; Solano, E.; Eggl, S.; DeMeo, F. E. (April 2016). "Spectral properties of near-Earth and Mars-crossing asteroids using Sloan photometry". Icarus. 268: 340–354. arXiv:1601.02087. Bibcode:2016Icar..268..340C. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.047.
    7. Carvano, J. M.; Hasselmann, P. H.; Lazzaro, D.; Mothé-Diniz, T. (February 2010). "SDSS-based taxonomic classification and orbital distribution of main belt asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 510: 12. Bibcode:2010A&A...510A..43C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913322. Retrieved 30 October 2019. (PDS data set)
    8. "Asteroid 3800 Karayusuf". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
    9. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007.
    10. Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-COMPIL-5-NEOWISEDIAM-V1.0. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
    11. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117.
    12. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
    13. Warner, Brian D. (October 2010). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory: 2010 March - June". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 37 (4): 161–165. Bibcode:2010MPBu...37..161W. ISSN 1052-8091.
    14. Warner, Brian D. (July 2014). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at CS3-Palmer Divide Station: 2014 January-March". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 41 (3): 144–155. Bibcode:2014MPBu...41..144W. ISSN 1052-8091.

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