3428 Roberts

3428 Roberts (prov. designation: 1952 JH) is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 17 kilometers (11 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 1 May 1952, by Indiana University's Indiana Asteroid Program at its Goethe Link Observatory near Brooklyn, Indiana, United States.[1] The asteroid has a short rotation period of 3.28 hours.[3] It was named in memory for American astronomer Walter Orr Roberts.[1]

3428 Roberts
Shape model of Roberts from its lightcurve
Discovery [1]
Discovered byIndiana University
(Indiana Asteroid Program)
Discovery siteGoethe Link Obs.
Discovery date1 May 1952
Designations
(3428) Roberts
Named after
Walter Orr Roberts [1]
(American astronomer)
1952 JH · 1952 KB
1972 YQ1 · 1978 JH2
1980 TD15 · 1982 FR1
Orbital characteristics [2]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc65.41 yr (23,891 d)
Aphelion3.1044 AU
Perihelion2.2199 AU
2.6621 AU
Eccentricity0.1661
4.34 yr (1,587 d)
102.91°
0° 13m 36.84s / day
Inclination8.8754°
230.80°
303.48°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
3.278±0.001 h[8][3]
  • (63.0°, 49.0°) (λ1/β1)[9]
  • (231.0°, 49.0°) (λ2/β2)[9]
C/S (assumed)[3]
12.00[2][3][6][7]

    Orbit and classification

    Roberts is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[4] It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.2–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 4 months (1,587 days; semi-major axis of 2.66 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.[2] The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Goethe Link in May 1952.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named in memory of American physicist and astronomer Walter Orr Roberts (1915–1990), founding director of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, who was one of the first astronomers to use a coronagraph for his solar observations in the 1940s.[1] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 5 September 1990 (M.P.C. 16885).[10]

    Physical characteristics

    Roberts spectral type is unknown. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) generically assumed it to be either a C-type or S-type asteroid.[3]

    Rotation period and poles

    In March 2008, a rotational lightcurve of Roberts was obtained from photometric observations at the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory in Australia. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 3.278 hours with a high brightness amplitude of 0.58 magnitude (U=3), indicative of an elongated shape.[8] In 2016, a modeled lightcurves using photometric data from various sources, gave a sidereal period of 3.27835±0.00005 hours and two spin axes of (63.0°, 49.0°) and (231.0°, 49.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).[9]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Roberts measures between 17.16 and 18.47 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.082 and 0.095.[5][6][7]

    CALL assumes an albedo of 0.10 – a compromise value between the stony (0.20) and carbonaceous (0.057) asteroids of the inner and outer main belt, respectively – and calculates a diameter of 16.73 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.0.[3]

    gollark: Basically, the trade hub is a salt inferno.
    gollark: It'd be a fun project too.
    gollark: But whatever.
    gollark: Okay, more time, realistically.
    gollark: As I said, give me a week and I can make a somewhat buggy but functional tradehub alternative.

    References
    1. "3428 Roberts (1952 JH)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
    2. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3428 Roberts (1952 JH)" (2017-09-28 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
    3. "LCDB Data for (3428) Roberts". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 14 May 2018.
    4. "Asteroid 3428 Roberts – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
    5. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv:1109.4096. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68.
    6. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. (catalog)
    7. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    8. Oliver, Robert Lemke; Shipley, Heath; Ditteon, Richard (October 2008). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory: 2008 March" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 35 (4): 149–150. Bibcode:2008MPBu...35..149O. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
    9. Hanuš, J.; Ďurech, J.; Oszkiewicz, D. A.; Behrend, R.; Carry, B.; Delbo, M.; et al. (February 2016). "New and updated convex shape models of asteroids based on optical data from a large collaboration network". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 586: 24. arXiv:1510.07422. Bibcode:2016A&A...586A.108H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527441. ISSN 0004-6361.
    10. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
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