309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group

The 309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group (309th AMARG),[2] often called The Boneyard, is a United States Air Force aircraft and missile storage and maintenance facility in Tucson, Arizona, located on Davis–Monthan Air Force Base. The 309th AMARG was previously Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Center, and the Military Aircraft Storage and Disposition Center, and its predecessor was established after World War II as the 3040th Aircraft Storage Group.

309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group
Aircraft in storage at Davis–Monthan AFB
Active1964–present
CountryUnited States
BranchAir Force
TypeGroup
RoleEquipment Support
Part ofAir Force Material Command
Garrison/HQDavis–Monthan Air Force Base
Commanders
Current
commander		Colonel Jennifer M. Barnard
Insignia
309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group emblem (approved 15 May 1995)[1]
Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Center emblem
Aerial View of AMARC, 16 May 1992.
Welcome sign at AMARC before its 2007 name change.
Boeing 707s being used for salvage parts for the C-135 airframe at AMARG.
Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk helicopters at AMARG
B-1 bombers in storage at AMARG
Navy and Marine Corps McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II fighters in storage at AMARG.

The 309th AMARG takes care of nearly 4,000 aircraft, which makes it the largest aircraft storage and preservation facility in the world. An Air Force Materiel Command unit, the group is under the command of the Ogden Air Logistics Complex at Hill Air Force Base, Utah. The 309th AMARG was originally meant to store excess Department of Defense and Coast Guard aircraft, but has in recent years been designated the sole repository of out-of-service aircraft from all branches of the US government. The arid climate of the region makes the 309th AMARG an ideal location for storing aircraft, as there is very little humidity in the air that would corrode metal.

History

The first predecessor of the 309th AMARG was established in 1946 as the 4105th Army Air Forces Base Unit (Aircraft Storage) to house Boeing B-29 Superfortress and Douglas C-47 Skytrain aircraft.[3] Davis–Monthan Field was chosen because of Tucson's low humidity, infrequent rainfall, alkaline soil and high altitude of 2,550 feet (780 m), reducing rust and corrosion.[4][5] The hard soil makes it possible to move aircraft around without having to pave the storage areas.

In 1948, after the Air Force's creation as a separate service, the unit was renamed the 3040th Aircraft Storage Depot. In 1965, the Military Aircraft Storage and Disposition Center was organized and tasked with processing aircraft for all the United States armed forces, not just the Air Force. The Navy had operated its own boneyard at Naval Air Station Litchfield Park at Goodyear, Arizona, for Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard aircraft. In February 1965, some 500 aircraft were moved from Litchfield Park to Davis–Monthan. NAS Litchfield Park was finally closed in 1968.[6]

In the 1980s, the center began processing intercontinental ballistic missiles for dismantling or reuse in satellite launches, and was renamed the Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Center (AMARC) to reflect the expanded focus on all aerospace assets.[7]

In the 1990s, in accordance with the START I treaty, the center was tasked with eliminating 365 Boeing B-52 Stratofortress bombers.[8] The progress of this task was to be verified by Russia via satellite and first-person inspection at the facility. Initially, the B-52s were chopped into pieces with a 13,000 pound guillotine winched by a steel cable supported by a crane.[9] Later on, the tool of choice became K-12 rescue saws. This more precise technique afforded AMARC with salvageable spare parts.

In May 2007, the AMARC was transferred to the 309th Maintenance Wing, and the center was renamed the 309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group (AMARG).[2]

McDonnell F-4C-20-MC Phantom II AF Serial No. 63-7602 of the 4455th CCTS/4453d Combat Crew Training Wing, 16 July 1970. Aircraft was scrapped at Hill AFB, UT November 1986

Lineage
  • Constituted on 7 October 1964 as The Military Aircraft Storage and Disposition Center
    • Activated on 1 February 1965
    • Redesignated Aerospace Maintenance & Regeneration Center on 1 October 1985
    • Redesignated 309th Aerospace Maintenance & Regeneration Group on 2 May 2007[1]

Predecessors
3040th Aircraft Storage Squadron
  • Designated as the 4105th Army Air Forces Base Unit (Aircraft Storage) and organized on 15 November 1945
    • Redesignated 4105th Air Force Base Unit (Aircraft Storage) on 26 September 1947
    • Redesignated 3040th Aircraft Storage Depot on 28 August 1948
    • Redesignated 3040th Aircraft Storage Squadron
    • Discontinued on 1 June 1956[10]
Arizona Aircraft Storage Squadron
  • Designated as the Arizona Aircraft Storage Squadron and organized on 1 June 1956
    • Discontinued on 1 August 1959[11]
2704th Air Force Aircraft Storage and Disposition Group
  • Designated as the 2704th Air Force Aircraft Storage and Disposition Group and organized on 1 August 1959
    • Discontinued on 1 February 1965[10]

Assignments
  • Air Force Logistics Command, 7 October 1964
  • Air Force Materiel Command, 1 July 1992
  • 309th Maintenance Wing, 2 May 2007 (attached to Ogden Air Logistics Complex after 12 July 2012)
  • Ogden Air Logistics Complex, 1 October 2012 – present[1]

Storage procedures

There are four categories of storage for aircraft at AMARG:

  • Long Term (Type 1000) – Aircraft are kept intact for future use
  • Parts Reclamation (Type 2000) – Aircraft are kept, picked apart and used for spare parts
  • Flying Hold (Type 3000) – Aircraft are kept intact for shorter stays than Long Term
  • Excess of DoD needs (Type 4000) – Aircraft are sold off whole or in parts[12]

AMARG employs 700 people (approximately 500 DoD civil servants, and 200 contractors).[13] The 2,600-acre (11 km2) facility is adjacent to the base. On average, AMARG annually returns approximately $500 million worth of spare parts to military, government and allied customers.[13] Congressional oversight determines what equipment may be sold to which customer.

An aircraft going into storage undergoes the following treatments:

  • Ejection seat charges and classified hardware are removed.
  • All aircraft are carefully washed with fresh water to remove environment residue and then allowed to dry.
  • The fuel system is protected by draining it, refilling it with lightweight oil, running engines to coat fuel system plumbing and engines, and then draining it again. This leaves a protective oil film.
  • The aircraft is sealed from dust, sunlight, and high temperatures. This is done using a variety of materials, including a high tech vinyl plastic compound that is sprayed on the aircraft. This compound is called Spraylat after its producer the Spraylat Corporation, and is applied in two coats, a black coat that seals the aircraft and a white coat that reflects the sun and helps to keep internal temperatures low.[14] The plane is then towed by a tug to its designated "storage" position.

On average the Group annually receives 300 aircraft for storage and processes out about the same number (with 50 to 100 of those returning to flying service). Aircraft that fly again either return to the U.S. Military services, U.S. government agencies (such as the U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Forest Service, and NASA) or are sold to allied governments under the Foreign Military Sales program.

Accessibility

AMARG is a controlled-access site, and is off-limits to anyone not employed there without the proper clearance. The only access for non-cleared individuals is via a bus tour which is conducted by the nearby Pima Air & Space Museum. Bus tours are on Monday to Friday.[15] From April 2013 onwards the base has also hosted an annual 10K/5K run/walk which is open to the general public.[16]

Use in film and TV production

AMARG has been a site of filming for scenes in several films and television productions, despite the security of AMARG and the base in general. The most recent and notable of these is Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen. The exterior scenes of the Smithsonian set were actually filmed in the Boneyard.[17]

The 1986 film The Wraith starring Charlie Sheen had some scenes that were shot at the 309 AMARG.

309 AMARG was featured in an episode of TNT's The Great Escape.[13]

gollark: https://docs.python.org/3/library/threading.html
gollark: No, just use the threading library.
gollark: I think you could probably just use a bunch of functions and some arrays, but if the class way works there's not a huge reason to get rid of it I guess. What's the problem you wanted helpw ith?
gollark: Yes, it sounds like you could just write a function to calculacte sun position and move the axes.
gollark: There's this thing on the homelab discord server which might be relevant here, actually: https://i.imgur.com/93qXFd0.png

See also

References

Notes
  1. Dollman, TSG David (8 August 2017). "Factsheet 309 Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group (AFMC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  2. Official 309th AMRG Renaming Ceremony Archived 24 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
  3. USAF AMARC Fact Sheet Archived 21 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
  4. Hanbury Evans Newill Vlattas and Company (January 1998). "Design Compatibility Standards Davis – Monthan Air Force Base Tucson, Arizona" (PDF). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 28 December 2009.
  5. Napolitano, J. (May 2005). "Arizona's Military Installations: Ready for the Transformation of the Department of Defense" (PDF). azgovernor.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
  6. U.S. Navy Naval Aviation News July 1966, p. 18
  7. AMARC Experience Story Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
  8. "START Treaty" (PDF). U.S. Department of State. 31 July 1991. Retrieved 28 December 2009.
  9. Norris, R.S. (1995). "Nuclear Notebook". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 51 (1): 69.
  10. See Mueller, p. 103 (listing units at Davis–Monthan AFB)
  11. "Abstract, History The Military Aircraft Storage and Disposition Center, April 1946 – May 1974". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
  12. "Davis–Monthan Air Force Boneyard in Tucson: Boneyard Layout, Operations, Tours, and Maps". www.airplaneboneyards.com. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  13. 309 AMARG Public Affairs
  14. The AMARC Experience: Process-In Archived 5 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 October 2016
  15. Pima Air & Space Museum Official Site.
  16. dm.af.mil: Desert Boneyard 10K Run & 5K Run/Walk
  17. "Transformers 2 Filming at AMARC". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2009.

Bibliography

Further reading
  • Boneyard Almanac: The History and Current State of America's Largest Aircraft Collection ISBN 1489533117 ISBN 978-1489533111
  • Ladies in Waiting: A Pictorial Review of Davis–Monthan AFB ISBN 0-89747-269-1 ISBN 978-0-89747-269-2

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