21 cm L/35
The 21 cm L/35 were a family of German naval guns developed in the years before World War I and used in limited numbers. This gun armed warships of Argentina, China, Denmark, Japan and The Netherlands before and after World War I.[2] It was used in the First Sino-Japanese War, Boxer Rebellion and a ship captured by Japan in the Sino-Japanese War was later used in the Russo-Japanese War.
| 21 cm L/35 | |
|---|---|
 One of the six 21 cm L/35 guns at the German fort at Tsingtau. | |
| Type | Naval gun Coastal artillery |
| Place of origin | German Empire |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1890-1936 |
| Used by | Argentina China Denmark Japan The Netherlands |
| Wars | First Sino-Japanese War Boxer Rebellion Russo-Japanese War |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Krupp |
| Designed | 1886 |
| Manufacturer | Krupp |
| Produced | 1890 |
| Variants | No.1 and No.2 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | No.1: 13.9 t (15.3 short tons) No.2: 14.6 t (16.1 short tons) |
| Length | 7.3 m (23 ft 11 in) |
| Barrel length | 6.7 m (22 ft 0 in) |
| Shell weight | 140 kg (310 lb) |
| Caliber | 209.3 mm (8.24 in) 35 caliber |
| Muzzle velocity | No.1: 548 m/s (1,800 ft/s) with 43 kg (95 lb) propellant charge No.2: 580 m/s (1,900 ft/s) with 54 kg (119 lb) propellant charge[1] |
History
In 1886 Krupp designed the 21 cm L/35 and started production for export customers in 1890. The 21 cm L/35 was produced in two models the No.1 and No.2. The main difference between the two guns was their weight, rifling, propellant charges and muzzle velocities. Otherwise their overall length and ammunition were the same.[3]
Naval Use
Argentina
- Veinticinco de Mayo - The primary armament of this protected cruiser was one, shielded, 21 cm L/35 gun fore and one, shielded, 21 cm L/35 gun aft.[4]
China
- Jingyuan-class - The primary armament of this class of two armored cruisers, Jingyuan and Laiyuan was two 21 cm L/35 guns mounted in a forward barbette.
- Jiyuan - The primary armament of this protected cruiser was two 21 cm L/35 guns mounted in a forward barbette.
Denmark
- HDMS Valkyrien - This protected cruiser had a primary armament of one shielded 21 cm L/35 gun fore and one shielded 21 cm L/35 gun aft.[5]
The Netherlands
- Evertsen-class - This class of three coastal defense ships had a primary armament of two turret mounted, No.2, 21 cm L/35 guns fore and one turret mounted 21 cm L/35 gun aft.[6]
- Hydra-class - This class of fourteen gunboats had a primary armament of one forward, shielded, No. 1, 21 cm L/35 gun after 1890s refits.[7]
- HNLMS Koningin Wilhelmina der Nederlanden - This protected cruiser had a secondary armament of one shielded, No.2, 21 cm L/35 gun aft.[8]
- HNLMS Reiner Claeszen - This monitor had a primary armament of one, No. 1, 21 cm L/35 gun in a forward turret.[9]
- HNLMS Sumatra - This protected cruiser had a primary armament of one, No. 1, 21 cm L/35 gun in a forward turret.[10]
Notes
- Friedman, Norman (2011-01-01). Naval weapons of World War One. Seaforth. ISBN 9781848321007. OCLC 786178793.
- "GR 8.2in 21 cm 35cal Krupp Single". navalhistory.flixco.info.
- Friedman, Norman (2011-01-01). Naval weapons of World War One. Seaforth. ISBN 9781848321007. OCLC 786178793.
- "VEINTICINCO DE MAYO protected cruiser (1891) - Argentinean Navy (Argentina)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-12.
- "Valkyrien protected cruiser (1890) - Danish Royal Navy (Denmark)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-04.
- "REINIER CLAESZEN monitor (1894) - Royal Dutch Navy (Netherlands)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-04.
- "HYDRA gunboats (1873-1876) - Royal Dutch Navy (Netherlands)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-04.
- "KONINGIN WILHELMINA DER NEDERLANDEN protected cruiser (1894) - Royal Dutch Navy (Netherlands)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-04.
- "REINIER CLAESZEN monitor (1894) - Royal Dutch Navy (Netherlands)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-04.
- "SUMATRA protected cruiser (1891) - Royal Dutch Navy (Netherlands)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-04.
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References
- Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-84832-100-7.
- Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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