2017 Ischia earthquake

The 2017 Ischia earthquake occurred in the island of Ischia, Campania, in southern Italy. The main shock occurred at 20:57 CEST (18:57 UTC) on 21 August 2017, and was rated 3.9 on the Moment magnitude scale.[6]

2017 Ischia earthquake
UTC time2017-08-21 18:57:51
ISC event611834681
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local date21 August 2017
Local time20:57 CEST
Magnitude3.9 Mw
Depth2.0 km (1.2 mi)
Areas affectedIschia, Campania
Max. intensityV (Moderate)[1] and VI (Strong)[2]
Casualties2 deaths[3]
42 injured[4]
2,600 homeless[5]

Despite of the moderate magnitude, several buildings and a church collapsed. One woman died in Casamicciola Terme, after being hit by rubble that fell from a church.[7] Another woman died when her house collapsed.[8]

Damage and debates

The collapse of several buildings and the death of two women created much controversy and debate in Italy, because many geologists stated that with a moderate magnitude quake, modern buildings should not collapse.[9]

Moreover, Ischia is a zone with a high number of irregular buildings, and many critics considered the poor construction materials as the main cause for the death of the two women and for the damage.[10][11]

The sharp increase of the population between 1950s and 1980s and the growing inflow of tourists increased the anthropic pressure on the island. Significant acreage of land previously used for agriculture has been developed for the construction of houses or residential buildings. Most of this development took place without any planning and building permits. Many houses and structures across the island sustained moderate to severe damage when the earthquake hit.[12]

gollark: People should probably consider privacy more seriously than most actually *do*, at least. A lot of people say they care a bit but then ignore it.
gollark: <@126590786945941504> Maybe they should.
gollark: What makes them better than the advertising companies then?
gollark: I am leaving off the second half so as not to fill more than a screen or so.
gollark: No, Richard, it's 'Linux', not 'GNU/Linux'. The most important contributions that the FSF made to Linux were the creation of the GPL and the GCC compiler. Those are fine and inspired products. GCC is a monumental achievement and has earned you, RMS, and the Free Software Foundation countless kudos and much appreciation.Following are some reasons for you to mull over, including some already answered in your FAQ.One guy, Linus Torvalds, used GCC to make his operating system (yes, Linux is an OS -- more on this later). He named it 'Linux' with a little help from his friends. Why doesn't he call it GNU/Linux? Because he wrote it, with more help from his friends, not you. You named your stuff, I named my stuff -- including the software I wrote using GCC -- and Linus named his stuff. The proper name is Linux because Linus Torvalds says so. Linus has spoken. Accept his authority. To do otherwise is to become a nag. You don't want to be known as a nag, do you?(An operating system) != (a distribution). Linux is an operating system. By my definition, an operating system is that software which provides and limits access to hardware resources on a computer. That definition applies whereever you see Linux in use. However, Linux is usually distributed with a collection of utilities and applications to make it easily configurable as a desktop system, a server, a development box, or a graphics workstation, or whatever the user needs. In such a configuration, we have a Linux (based) distribution. Therein lies your strongest argument for the unwieldy title 'GNU/Linux' (when said bundled software is largely from the FSF). Go bug the distribution makers on that one. Take your beef to Red Hat, Mandrake, and Slackware. At least there you have an argument. Linux alone is an operating system that can be used in various applications without any GNU software whatsoever. Embedded applications come to mind as an obvious example.

References
  1. M 4.2 - 4km N of Ischia, Italy
  2. Hai sentito il terremoto
  3. Terremoto a Ischia, due morti e 39 feriti. Corsa per salvare l’ultimo fratellino rimasto sepolto
  4. Forte terremoto a Ischia, crolli a Casamicciola. Due morti e almeno 39 feriti
  5. Ischia, 2.600 sfollati. La Protezione civile: "Niente tendopoli"
  6. "Terremoto 1 km SW Casamicciola Terme (NA), Magnitudo Mw 3.9, 21 agosto 2017 ore 20:57:51 (Fuso Orario Italia) » INGV Centro Nazionale Terremoti".
  7. Terremoto a Ischia, crolli a Casamicciola. Morta una donna, ci sono feriti e dispersi. Evacuato ospedale
  8. Terremoto a Ischia, due vittime. Crolla abitazione, famiglia imprigionata: in salvo padre e figlio di 7 mesi. Almeno 36 feriti
  9. Terremoto a Ischia, i geologi: «Case abusive o fatiscenti, allucinante morire per scosse di questa entità» I sindaci: «Nessun legame fra crolli e abusivismo»
  10. Terremoto Ischia, cemento e inchieste sull’isola dove non esiste l’abusivismo di necessità. È solo speculazione
  11. Magnitudo bassa, abusivismo alto: basta una scossa per mettere in crisi un'isola
  12. Ischia, il terremoto o gli edifici: cosa c’è davvero dietro i crolli? Il magistrato: «Troppe case abusive»

Further reading
  • Braun, T.; Famiani, D.; Cesca, S. (2018), "Seismological Constraints on the Source Mechanism of the Damaging Seismic Event of 21 August 2017 on Ischia Island (Southern Italy)", Seismological Research Letters, 89 (5): 1741–1749, doi:10.1785/0220170274
  • d'Auria, L.; Giudicepietro, F.; Tramelli, A.; Ricciolino, P.; Bascio, D. L.; Orazi, M.; Martini, M.; Peluso, R.; Scarpato, G.; Esposito, A. (2018), "The Seismicity of Ischia Island", Seismological Research Letters, 89 (5): 1750–1760, doi:10.1785/0220180084
  • Nappi, R.; Alessio, G.; Gaudiosi, G.; Nave, R.; Marotta, E.; Siniscalchi, V.; Civico, R.; Pizzimenti, L.; Peluso, R.; Belviso, .; Porfido, S. (2018), "The 21 August 2017 Md 4.0 Casamicciola Earthquake: First Evidence of Coseismic Normal Surface Faulting at the Ischia Volcanic Island", Seismological Research Letters, 89 (4): 1323–1334, doi:10.1785/0220180063CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.