2013 Maldivian presidential election

Presidential elections were held in the Maldives in 2013. The first round of voting was held on 7 September, with no candidate receiving a majority of the vote. A second round was planned for 28 September, to be contested by the top two candidates, former President Mohamed Nasheed (who was contesting the election following his controversial resignation amidst the 2011–12 Maldives political crisis with the aim of returning to the presidency after what he claimed was a coup d'état orchestrated by his deputy and successor Mohammed Waheed Hassan)[1] and Abdulla Yameen, paternal half-brother of former president Maumoon Abdul Gayoom; incumbent President Hassan had come fourth and was eliminated.

2013 Maldivian presidential election

7 September 2013 (annulled first round) 9 November 2013 (first round re-run) 16 November 2013 (second round)

Nominee Abdulla Yameen Mohamed Nasheed Party PPM MDP Popular vote 111,203 105,181 Percentage 51.39% 48.61%

President before election Mohammed Waheed Hassan GIP Elected President Abdulla Yameen PPM

However, on 27 September the Supreme Court cancelled the run-off and annulled the first round results.[2] A re-run of the first round was held on 9 November,[3] with a similar result to the annulled vote. A run-off was planned for the following day due to the need to have a new President in place by 11 November. However, it was then postponed until 16 November by the Supreme Court after Yameen claimed he needed more time to campaign.[4] Yameen went on to win the run-off with his share of the vote rising from 30% in the first round to 51% in the second round, whilst Nasheed's share increased by only 2%.[5][6]

Background

2011–12 political crisis

Political friction in the country escalated in December 2011, when an opposition alliance 'Madhanee Ithihaad' was formed, which included the parties that supported the President Mohamed Nasheed in his 2008 presidential race. On 23 December, the capital city was rocked by protests by the opposition against the President Mohamed Nasheed.[7] Further events transpired leading to the arrest of Chief Justice Abdulla Mohamed from his house by the military.[8][9] This arrest sparked violent protests near the Republic Square. After the government refused to disclose any information to the public, the protests started gaining momentum. Demands went up for an independent investigation into the Judge and to arrest him according to the constitution and for the president to stop using executive power over another institution.[10][11] The protest extended for over 22 days in the Republic Square and on 6 February 2012, the Maldives Police Service declined to use force to control or disperse the protests and joined the protest for the release of Judge Abdulla Mohamed.[12] President Nasheed resigned the following day.

On 8 February 2012, the Maldivian Democratic Party announced for all its members across the country to go into streets in protests. President Mohamed Nasheed led the protests to Republic Square, announcing that he was forced to resign at gunpoint, and that the event was a coup d'etat orchestrated by Vice-President Mohammed Waheed Hassan, who was sworn in as the new president of Maldives on the same day in accordance with the law of the Maldives.[13] An independent National Commission of Inquiry later ruled that there was no evidence for Nasheed's version of events, a finding supported by the US and the Commonwealth of Nations.

After Nasheed and his supporters continued to protest Waheed's removal from office, he agreed to call a snap election. In April 2012, Waheed set the election for July 2013, stating that no earlier election was constitutionally possible. However Nasheed, strongly opposed this idea instead arguing for a 2012 election to settle the disputed presidency. This date was later then pushed down to September 2013, to when the next presidential election would constitutionally be taking place.

Candidates

Incumbent President Mohammed Waheed ran as an independent candidate but backed by the National Unity Party and the Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party. Former President Mohamed Nasheed was the Maldivian Democratic Party's candidate. Gasim Ibrahim is the candidate of the Jumhooree Party (JP) and is supported by the Adhaalath Party (AP) and the Dhivehi Qaumee Party.[14]

Leader of the Progressive Party of Maldives, former president Maumoon Abdul Gayyoom, declared that he would not participate in any further election on 25 February.[15] PPM held its presidential primary election on 30 March. The candidacy was won by the party's parliamentary group leader, and half-brother of Gayyoom, Abdulla Yameen with 63% of the vote, beating rival candidate Umar Naseer. A total of 31,298 PPM members were eligible to vote in the party's presidential primary through one of the 167 ballot boxes placed in 140 islands.[16] In August, new political party Maldives Development Alliance (MDA) signed a coalition agreement with PPM to provide support in the presidential election.[17]

Results

Candidate	Party	Annulled election		Re-run
				First round		Second round
		Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%
Abdulla Yameen	Progressive Party of Maldives	53,099	25.35	61,278	29.72	111,203	51.39
Mohamed Nasheed	Maldivian Democratic Party	95,224	45.45	96,764	46.93	105,181	48.61
Qasim Ibrahim	Jumhooree Party	50,422	24.07	48,131	23.35
Mohammed Waheed Hassan (inc.)	Independent	10,750	5.13
Invalid/blank votes		2,395	–	2,331	–	2,237	–
Total		211,890	100	208,504	100	218,621	100
Registered voters/turnout		239,593	88.44	239,105	87.20	239,165	91.41
Source: Government of the Maldives, Government of the Maldives

Annullment

Following the original first round on 7 September, the Supreme Court annulled the elections and cancelled the planned second round by a vote of four to three. Voting in favour of the annulment, Judge Ahmed Abdulla Didi referenced a confidential police report that claimed that 5,623 ineligible people had voted in the elections including dead people and others under 18.[2] The rechecking of voters' registry was carried out in the presence of the staff of Elections Commission and the Police Service.

References

1. Maldives holds fresh election for president BBC News, 9 November 2013
2. Maldives top court annuls 7 September presidential vote, sets new election Reuters via Yahoo! News, 8 October 2013
3. DG Roundup 16–22 October 2013 IFES
4. Maldives election: Supreme Court delays run-off vote BBC News, 10 November 2013
5. "Yameen wins Maldives presidential run-off – Central & South Asia". Al Jazeera.
6. Official results 1st round Archived 12 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, 2nd round Archived 20 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine
7. "Mega Protests to occur all across Maldives tomorrow: President". Maldivestoday.com. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
8. "Maldives Military Arrests Chief Judge Abdulla Mohamed". Haveeru Online.com. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
9. "Police arrest Judge Abdulla against court orders". haveeru.com. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
10. "Judge Abdullah Mohamed is arrested illegally even if I am crushed into pieces:: Kulhudhufushi PM Nasheed". miadhu.com. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
11. "Judge Abdulla's arrest unconstitutional: Suood". miadhu.com. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
12. "Maldivian police join protesters". sundaytimes.lk. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
13. Andrew North (8 February 2012). ""Maldives ex-president Mohamed Nasheed was 'forced out'" ''BBC News:World:Asia'' 8 February 2012". BBC.
14. "IFES Election Guide | Elections: Maldives Pres 2013". Electionguide.org.
15. "Gayoom opts out of PPM presidential primary | Minivan News". Minivannews.com. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
16. "Yameen elected as PPM presidential candidate | Minivan News". Minivannews.com. Archived from the original on 25 October 2013.
17. "MDA and PPM successfully conclude coalition talks | Minivan News". Minivannews.com. Archived from the original on 17 September 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2013.

External links

• Elections Commission of the Maldives (in Dhivehi)