1st Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division

The 1st Guards Glukhov Order of Lenin, Red Banner, Orders of Suvorov, Kutuzov, and Bogdan Khmelnitsky Breakthrough Artillery Division was the formal name of the 1st Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division (Russian: 1-я гвардейская артиллерийская дивизия прорыва), a division of the Red Army (the Soviet Army from 1946) that existed during World War II and the early period of the Cold War.

1st Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division
Active	March 1943 – 1960
Country	Soviet Union
Type	Artillery
Engagements	World War II
Decorations	Order of Lenin  Order of the Red Banner  Order of Suvorov, 2nd class  Order of Kutuzov, 2nd class  Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, 2nd class
Battle honours	Glukhov
Commanders
Notable commanders	Grigory Godin Ivan Kupin

History

The division was formed as the 1st Artillery Division of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command (RGK) in October 1942 with the Southwestern Front, under the command of Colonel Vikenty Mazur. It was composed of the 274th, 275th, and 331st Howitzer, the 1162nd and 1166th Gun, and the 468th, 501st, and 1189th Anti-Tank (Tank Destroyer) Artillery Regiments. In addition to its regiments, the division included the organic 816th Separate Reconnaissance Artillery Battalion and the 45th Separate Corrective Aviation Squadron.[1] It was sent into combat on 9 November in the area of Kletskaya and Serafimovich, supporting the 21st Army of the Southwestern Front in the final stage of the Soviet defensive phase of the Battle of Stalingrad. From the second half of November to January 1943, the units of the 1st Artillery, operationally subordinated to the 24th and 65th Armies of the Don Front, provided artillery support in the encirclement and defeat of the German troops in the Stalingrad area.[2]

After the Battle of Stalingrad, the 1st Artillery was transferred to the Central Front during February, where it was subordinated to the 65th Army and later the 70th Army. The division was reorganized on 20 February 1943, with its regiments combined into three brigades – one howitzer, one gun, and one anti-tank (tank destroyer). In recognition of its "courage and heroism", the division was converted into the 1st Guards Artillery Division RGK on 1 March; Mazur received a simultaneous promotion to major general. The 1st Guards Artillery Division included the 1st Guards Gun, 2nd Guards Howitzer, and 1st Guards Light Artillery Brigades, which in turn included the 201st and 205th Guards Gun, 169th and 203rd Guards Howitzer, and 167th, 200th, and 206th Guards Light Artillery Regiments. In May 1943 Mazur was promoted to artillery corps command and replaced by Colonel Grigory Godin, who would be promoted to major general on 7 August. During the defensive phase of the Battle of Kursk, the division supported the 13th and 70th Armies with massed artillery fire, helping to repulse German tank and infantry attacks.[2]

It received the Glukhov honorific on 31 August.[2] In October the division was assigned to the First Ukrainian Front. In July of 1944 the division was assigned to the 7th Artillery Corps.[3]

From 16 April to 20 May 1944 3rd Guards Light Artillery Brigade commander Colonel Viktor Zhagala temporarily commanded the division after Arkady Volchek was wounded.[4] 76th Rifle Corps Artillery commander Colonel Viktor Khusid (promoted to major general on 18 November 1944) was appointed to lead the division on 21 May, while it was part of the 1st Ukrainian Front. The division then fought in the Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive. The division was redesignated as the 1st Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division in November 1944, reflecting its role of providing artillery concentrations for offensives.[2] In 1945 the division fought in the Sandomierz–Silesian Offensive, the Lower Silesian Offensive, the Berlin Offensive, and the Prague Offensive, and in fighting for the cities of Szydłów, Kielce, Steinau, Lüben, Sprottau, Cottbus, and Dresden.[5][4]

Postwar, the division became part of the Central Group of Forces and in April 1947 was withdrawn to the Carpathian Military District. In August of that year, Khusid was transferred to the artillery reserve.[5] Until its disbandment in 1960, the division was stationed in Nestorov in the Carpathian Military District.[6] Its lineage is inherited by the 39th Guards Rocket Division of the 33rd Guards Rocket Army, part of the Russian Strategic Missile Troops.[6] The 39th Guards Rocket Division was established on 18 July 1960 in Pashino (Gvardeyskiy), Novosibirsk Oblast, as the 212th Guards Svir Orders of Kutuzov and Bogdan Khmelnitsky Rocket Brigade, from the 21st Heavy Howitzer Artillery Brigade.[7] It was assigned to the 7th Guards Rocket Corps, later to become the 33rd Guards Rocket Army. On 30 April 1961 it became the 39th Guards Rocket Division. On 17 October 1961, the awards and honors were reassigned and 39 GRD inherited those of the 1st Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division RVGK. The division began conversion to the RSD-10 Pioneer (SS-20) in 1977, and the RT-2PM Topol (SS-25) in 1989. In 1995 it had five regiments, each of nine Topol missiles.

Commanders

The following officers are known to have commanded the division:[6]

• Colonel Vikenty Mazur (promoted to major general 1 March 1943; October 1942–May 1943)[2]
• Colonel Grigory Godin (promoted to major general 7 August 1943; May–September 1943)[2]
• Colonel Arkady Volchek (promoted to major general 28 September 1943; September 1943–April 1944)[2]
• Colonel Viktor Zhagala (acting; 16 April–20 May 1944)[4]
• Colonel Viktor Khusid (promoted to major general 18 November 1944; 21 May 1944–August 1947)[5]
• Dmitry Parovatkin
• Ivan Kupin

Organization in 1943

Structure of the division when it was formed from the 1st Artillery Division in 1943:[3]

• Headquarters
  • 3rd Guards Light Artillery Brigade
  • 2nd Guards Howitzer Brigade
  • 1st Guards Cannon Brigade

Organization in 1945

Structure of the division between 1943 and 1945:[8]

• Headquarters
  • 3rd Guards Light Artillery Brigade
  • 2nd Guards Howitzer Brigade
  • 39th Heavy Howitzer Brigade
  • 30th Mortar Brigade
  • 16th Heavy Mortar Brigade
  • 19th Guards Mortar Brigade
  • 1st Guards Cannon Brigade
  • 14th Guards Separate Reconnaissance Artillery Battalion (before 29 November 1944)[9]
  • 870th Auto Transport Battalion[9]
  • 528th Medical and Sanitation Company[9]
  • 494th Field Auto Repair Base (from 15 May 1944)[9]
  • 101st Field Artillery Repair Shop (from 5 July 1943)[9]
  • 494th Field Bakery[9]
  • 1726th Field Post Office[9]
  • 1786th Field Cash Office of the State Bank[9]

References

Citations

1. Pokrovsky 1956, p. 37.
2. Grachev 1994, p. 436.
3. The Organization and Order of Battle of Militaries in World War II: Volume V - Book B Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. p. 697.
4. Tsapayev & Goremykin 2011, p. 443.
5. Tsapayev & Goremykin 2011, pp. 548–549.
6. Shvaychenko 2004.
7. Michael Holm, http://www.ww2.dk/new/rvsn/39gvmd.htm
8. "1 ГВАРДЕЙСКАЯ АРТИЛЛЕРИЙСКАЯ ДИВИЗИЯ ПРОРЫВА". bdsa.ru. Retrieved 2019-02-09.
9. Pokrovsky 1956, p. 42.

Bibliography

• Grachev, Pavel, ed. (1994). "Глуховская артиллерийская дивизия" [Glukhov Artillery Division]. Военная энциклопедия в 8 томах [Military Encyclopedia in 8 volumes] (in Russian). 2. Moscow: Voenizdat. p. 436. ISBN 5-203-00299-1.
• Pokrovsky, A. P. (1956). Перечень № 6. IV. Артиллерийские дивизии [List (Perechen) No. 6 Part IV. Artillery Divisions] (in Russian). Moscow: Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union.
• Shvaychenko, A.A., ed. (2004). Омская стратегическая (1959—2004 годы) [Omsk Strategic, 1959–2004] (in Russian). Omsk: Omsk Printing House. Archived from the original on 8 September 2016.
• Tsapayev, D.A.; et al. (2011). Великая Отечественная: Комдивы. Военный биографический словарь [The Great Patriotic War: Division Commanders. Military Biographical Dictionary] (in Russian). 1. Moscow: Kuchkovo Pole. ISBN 978-5-9950-0189-8.

Further reading

• Domank, Albert; Lazutkin, Sergey (1987). Резерва Верховного Главнокомандования : боевой путь 1-й гвардейской артиллерийской Глуховской ордена Ленина, Краснознаменной, орденов Суворова, Кутузова и Богдана Хмельницкого дивизии прорыва резерва Верховного Главнокомандования [Reserve of the Supreme High Command: Combat Path of the 1st Guards Glukhov Order of Lenin, Red Banner, Orders of Suvorov, Kutuzov, and Bogdan Khmelnitsky Breakthrough Artillery Division Reserve of the Supreme High Command] (in Russian). Moscow: Voenizdat. OCLC 18704108.