1994 Commonwealth Games
The 1994 Commonwealth Games were held in Victoria, in the province of British Columbia in Canada, from 18 to 28 August 1994.
 Logo of 1994 Commonwealth Games | |
| Host city | Victoria, British Columbia, .svg.png){kind=small} |
|---|---|
| Motto | Catch The Spirit |
| Nations participating | 63 |
| Athletes participating | 2,557 |
| Events | events in 10 sports |
| Opening ceremony | 18 August 1994 |
| Closing ceremony | 28 August 1994 |
| Officially opened by | Elizabeth II |
| Officially closed by | Prince Edward |
| Queen's Baton Final Runner | Myriam Bédard |
| Main venue | Centennial Stadium |
The XV Commonwealth Games (French: XVéme Jeux du Commonwealth) marked South Africa's return to the Commonwealth Games following the apartheid era, and over 30 years since the country last competed in the Games in 1958. Namibia participated in its first Games after gaining independence from South Africa in 1990, and the Caribbean island of Montserrat also made their Games debut. This was Hong Kong's last appearance at the Games before the transfer of sovereignty from Britain to China.
The official mascot of the Games was an anthropomorphic killer whale named "Klee Wyck".[1] This nickname, meaning "the laughing one", was given to Canadian painter and sculptor Emily Carr by the Yuułuʔiłʔatḥ Nation.[2]
Ten types of sports were featured at the Victoria Games: athletics, aquatics, badminton, boxing, cycling, gymnastics, lawn bowls, shooting, weightlifting, and wrestling.
Host selection
Three bids for the 1994 Commonwealth Games were submitted. Victoria, New Delhi, and Cardiff were the bidding cities. On 15 September 1988, the Commonwealth Games Federation voted to award Victoria the 1994 Commonwealth Games.[3]
| 1994 Commonwealth Games bidding results | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| City | Country | Votes | |
| Victoria | | 29 | |
| New Delhi |  | 18 | |
| Cardiff | .svg.png){kind=small} | 7 | |
Final "Original Games"
The 1994 games was the last time team sports were excluded. In 1991, the Commonwealth Games Federation deemed the original setup of ten sports to be obsolete. Beginning with the 1998 games, team sports such as Rugby sevens, Basketball, and Field hockey were added. The decision was taken to encourage more revenue streams from television by making the games more attractive to viewing audiences.
Opening ceremony
A simple friendly atmosphere was the theme to the Opening Ceremonies. In the presence of Prince Edward, the Athletes had a long march past to their seated area (an idea created four years previously and emulated since at the 2014 Games in Glasgow). Welcome speeches and flag raisings were followed by a precision horse riding display by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. A visual and theatrical display by the Four Nations Tribes culminated in a massive Thunderbird symbol covering the entire inner field. This was followed by a flypast by the "Snowbirds" Canadian Forces aerobatic display team.
Games
Participating teams
There were 63 participating nations at the 1994 Commonwealth Games.
| Participating Commonwealth Countries & Territories |
|---|
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| Debuting Commonwealth Countries and Territories |
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Sports
There were events in 14 disciplines across 10 sports for the 1994 Commonwealth Games.
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Calendar
The following table shows a summary of the competition schedule.
| OC | Opening ceremony | ● | Event competitions | 1 | Event finals | CC | Closing ceremony |
| August | 18 Thu |
19 Fri |
20 Sat |
21 Sun |
22 Mon |
23 Tue |
24 Wed |
25 Thu |
26 Fri |
27 Sat |
28 Sun |
Events | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ceremonies | OC | CC | |||||||||||
 |
1 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 11 | 6 | 11 | 44 | |||||
 |
● | ● | 1 | ● | ● | ● | ● | 5 | 6 | ||||
 |
● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 12 | 12 | ||||
_pictogram.svg.png){kind=small} |
2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 13 | ||||||
 |
● | 2 | ● | 2 | 2 | 6 | |||||||
_pictogram.svg.png){kind=small} |
1 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 20 | |||||
 |
● | ● | ● | 2 | ● | ● | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | |||
 |
4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 32 | |||
 |
● | ● | ● | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
 |
6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 34 | ||||||
 |
6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 30 | |||||||
 |
● | 5 | 5 | 10 | |||||||||
| Total events | 13 | 17 | 20 | 24 | 25 | 22 | 19 | 25 | 41 | 11 | 217 | ||
| Cumulative total | 13 | 30 | 50 | 74 | 99 | 121 | 140 | 165 | 206 | 217 | |||
| August | 18 Thu | 19 Fri | 20 Sat | 21 Sun | 22 Mon | 23 Tue | 24 Wed | 25 Thu | 26 Fri | 27 Sat | 28 Sun | Events | |
Medal table
This is a full table of the medal count of the 1994 Commonwealth Games. These rankings sort by the number of gold medals earned by a country. The number of silvers is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze. If, after the above, countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically. This follows the system used by the IOC, IAAF and BBC.
This was the first time since the commencement of the British Empire Games (in 1930) that England did not achieve a medal ranking in the top two.
* Host nation (Canada)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | .svg.png){kind=small} | 89 | 53 | 44 | 186 |
| 2 | | 42 | 43 | 49 | 134 |
| 3 |  | 31 | 47 | 51 | 129 |
| 4 |  | 11 | 13 | 13 | 37 |
| 5 |  | 7 | 4 | 8 | 19 |
| 6 | | 6 | 12 | 7 | 25 |
| 7 |  | 6 | 3 | 11 | 20 |
| 8 |  | 5 | 16 | 22 | 43 |
| 9 | | 5 | 8 | 6 | 19 |
| 10 |  | 5 | 2 | 3 | 10 |
| 11 |  | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| 12 |  | 2 | 4 | 5 | 11 |
| 13 |  | 2 | 4 | 2 | 8 |
| 14 |  | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 |
| 15 | .svg.png){kind=small} | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| 16 |  | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 17 | .svg.png){kind=small} | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 18 |  | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 19 |  | 0 | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 20 |  | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 22 | .svg.png){kind=small} | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 23 |  | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 24 |  | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
| 27 |  | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
.svg.png){kind=small} | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Totals (33 nations) | 221 | 221 | 251 | 693 | |
Medals by event
Aquatics
Athletics
Badminton
Bowls
Boxing
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Light Flyweight | | | |
| Flyweight | | | |
| Bantamweight | | | |
| Featherweight | | | |
| Lightweight | | | |
| Light Welterweight | | | |
| Welterweight | | | |
| Light Middleweight | | | |
| Middleweight | | | |
| Light Heavyweight | | | |
| Heavyweight | | | |
| Super Heavyweight | | | |
Cycling
Track
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Time Trial | | 00:01:05 | | 00:01:06 | | 00:01:07 |
| Sprint | | | | |||
| Individual Pursuit | | 00:04:31 | | 00:04:35 | | 00:04:35 |
| Team Pursuit |  Brett Aitken Brad McGee Stuart O'Grady Tim O'Shannessey | 00:04:10 | Tony Doyle Rob Hayles Chris Newton Bryan Steel | caught | Brendon Cameron Julian Dean Glen Thomson Lee Vertongen | 00:04:22 |
| 10 Miles Scratch | | 00:18:51 | | 00:18:51 | | 00:18:51 |
| Points Race | | 38 | | 37 | | 23 |
| Women | ||||||
| Sprint | | | | |||
| Individual Pursuit | | 00:03:49 | | 00:03:51 | | 00:03:55 |
| Points Race | | 5 | | 1+32 | | 1+28 |
Road
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Road Race | | 04:46:08 | | 04:48:10 | | 04:48:10 |
| Team Time Trial | Phil Anderson Brett Dennis Henk Vogels Damian McDonald | 01:53:19 | Peter Longbottom Matt Illingworth Simon Lillistone Paul Jennings | 01:56:41 | Brian Fowler Paul Leitch Tim Pawson Mark Rendell | 01:56:53 |
| Women | ||||||
| Road Race | | 02:48:05 | | 02:48:35 | | 02:50:17 |
| Team Time Trial | Catherine Reardon Kathy Watt Louise Nolan Rachel Marianne Victor | 01:04:03 |  Alison Sydor Anne Samplonius Clara Hughes Lesley A Tomlinson | 01:04:19 | Julia Freeman Maria Lawrence Maxine Johnson Yvonne McGregor | 1:06:32.85 |
Gymnastics
Artistic
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| All-Around | | 55.95 | | 55.525 | | 54.95 |
| Team | Alan Nolet Kristan Burley Richard Ikeda Travis Romagnoli | 164.7 | Brennon Dowrick Bret Hudson Nathan Kingston Peter Hogan | 164.5 | Lee McDermott Neil Thomas Paul Bowler Robert Barber | 09:00:00 |
| Horizontal Bar | | 9.512 | | 9.5 | | 9.325 |
| Parallel Bars | | 9.4 | | 9.35 | | 9.25 |
| Vault | | 9.375 | | 9.312 | | 9.306 |
| Pommel Horse | | 9.425 | | 9.4 | | 9.225 |
| Rings | | 9.475 | | 9.275 | | 9.15 |
| Floor | | 9.662 | | 9.437 | | 9.15 |
| Women | ||||||
| All-Around | | 38.4 | | 38.037 | | 37.725 |
| Team | Annika Reeder Jackie Brady Karin Szymko Zita Lusack | 05:24:00 | Jaime Hill Lisa Simes Stacey Galloway Stella Umeh | 113.65 | Joanna Hughes Rebecca Stoyel Ruth Moniz Salli Wills | 15:00:00 |
| Asymmetric Bars | | 9.525 | | 9.45 | | 9.337 |
| Beam | | 9.075 | | 8.987 | | 8.9 |
| Vault | | 9.556 | | 9.543 | | 9.506 |
| Floor | | 9.75 | | 9.662 | | 9.55 |
Rhythmic
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | ||||||
| All-Around | | 36.85 | | 36.6 | | 36.35 |
| Team | Camille Martens Gretchen McLennan Lindsay Richards | 106.9 | Kasumi Takahashi Katie Mitchell Leigh Marning | 105.3 | Aicha McKenzie Debbie Southwick Linda Southwick | 103.3 |
| Ball | | 9.2 | | 9 | | 8.8 |
| Clubs | | 9.4 | | 9.15 | | 9 |
| Hoop | | 9.3 | | 9.05 | | 8.9 |
| Ribbon | | 9.2 | | 9.05 | | 9 |
Shooting
Pistol
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men/Open | ||||||
| Free Pistol | | 654.1 | | 647 | | 642.5 |
| Free Pistol – Pairs | Bengt Sandström (AUS) | 1104 | Greg Yelavich (NZL) | 1094 | Paul Leatherdale (ENG) | 1082 |
| Centre-Fire Pistol | | 581 | | 581 | | 575 |
| Centre-Fire Pistol – Pairs | Ashok Pandit (IND) | 1168 | Phil Adams (AUS) | 1149 | John Rochon (CAN) | 1148 |
| Rapid-Fire Pistol | | 670.2 | | 668.4 | | 668.1 |
| Rapid-Fire Pistol – Pairs | Robert Dowling (AUS) | 1148 | Michael Jay (WAL) | 1142 | Graham La Maitre (GGY) | 1129 |
| Air Pistol | | 672.4 | | 670.7 | | 668.5 |
| Air Pistol – Pairs | Bengt Sandström (AUS) | 1137 | John Rochon (CAN) | 1135 | Vivek Singh (IND) | 1133 |
| Women | ||||||
| Sport Pistol | | 679.4 | | 675 | | 674 |
| Sport Pistol – Pairs | Annette Woodward (AUS) | 1134 | Helen Smith (CAN) | 1132 | Carol Page (ENG) | 1129 |
| Air Pistol | | 474.2 | | 466.1 | | 465.8 |
| Air Pistol – Pairs | Christine Trefry (AUS) | 747 | Gerd Barkman (NZL) | 745 | Carol Page (ENG) | 744 |
Rifle
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men/Open | ||||||
| Small Bore Rifle, Prone | | 698.4 | | 693.9 | | 693.6 |
| Small Bore Rifle, Prone – Pairs | Lindsay Arthur (NZL) | 1181 | Lakshman Rajasinghe (SRI) | 1177 | Dean Turley (AUS) | 1176 |
| Small Bore Rifle, Three Positions | | 1234.2 | | 1228.7 | | 1224.8 |
| Small Bore Rifle, Three Positions – Pairs | Michael Dion (CAN) | 2300 | William Murray (SCO) | 2271 | Trevor Langridge (ENG) | 2259 |
| Full Bore Rifle | | 398 | | 398 | | 397 |
| Full Bore Rifle – Pairs | Geoffrey Grenfell (AUS) | 593 | Antony Ringer (ENG) | 588 | Martin Millar (NIR) | 584 |
| Air Rifle | | 685.9 | | 683 | | 680 |
| Air Rifle – Pairs | Wayne Sorensen (CAN) | 1166 | Nigel Wallace (ENG) | 1161 | Robin Law (SCO) | 1145 |
| Running Target | | 657.9 | | 656 | | 650.7 |
| Running Target – Pairs | Matthew Bedlington (CAN) | 1088 | | 1088 | | 1079 |
| Women | ||||||
| Small Bore Rifle, Prone | | 586 | | 585 | | 585 |
| Small Bore Rifle, Prone – Pairs | Sylvia Purdie (AUS) | 1160 | Patricia Littlechild (SCO) | 1158 | Linda Szulga (CAN) | 1158 |
| Small Bore Rifle, Three Positions | | 666.4 | | 662.5 | | 661.6 |
| Small Bore Rifle, Three Positions – Pairs | Christina Ashcroft (CAN) | 1143 | Lindsay Volpin (ENG) | 1132 | Kuheli Gangulee (IND) | 1110 |
| Air Rifle | | 488.7 | | 488.5 | | 488.4 |
| Air Rifle – Pairs | Malini Wickramasinghe (SRI) | 771 | Louise Minett (ENG) | 771 | Sharon Bowes (CAN) | 766 |
Shotgun
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men/Open | ||||||
| Trap | | 141 | | 140 | | 137 |
| Trap – Pairs | Samuel Allen (NIR) | 188 | George Leary (CAN) | 187 | John Grice (ENG) | 186 |
| Skeet | | 144 | | 143 | | 143 |
| Skeet – Pairs | Christos Kourtellas (CYP) | 189 | Geoffrey Jukes (NZL) | 186 | Ian Marsden (SCO) | 186 |
Weightlifting
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | |||||||
| Flyweight | Snatch | | 105 | | 105 | | 105 |
| Clean and Jerk | | 132.5 | | 130 | | 127.5 | |
| Overall | | 237.5 | | 232.5 | | 227.5 | |
| Bantamweight | Snatch | | 115 | | 110 | | 107.5 |
| Clean and Jerk | | 147.5 | | 145 | | 132.5 | |
| Overall | | 262.5 | | 255 | | 237.5 | |
| Featherweight | Snatch | | 125 | | 125 | | 120 |
| Clean and Jerk | | 152.5 | | 152.5 | | 150 | |
| Overall | | 277.5 | | 275 | | 272.5 | |
| Lightweight | Snatch | | 132.5 | | 132.5 | | 130 |
| Clean and Jerk | | 165 | | 165 | | 160 | |
| Overall | | 295 | | 292.5 | | 292.5 | |
| Middleweight | Snatch | | 147.5 | | 145 | | 142.5 |
| Clean and Jerk | | 182.5 | | 180 | | 172.5 | |
| Overall | | 327.5 | | 325 | | 317.5 | |
| Light Heavyweight | Snatch | | 152.5 | | 147.5 | | 147.5 |
| Clean and Jerk | | 200 | | 187.5 | | 182.5 | |
| Overall | | 352.5 | | 335 | | 330 | |
| Middle Heavyweight | Snatch | | 162.5 | | 155 | | 120 |
| Clean and Jerk | | 200 | | 190 | | 120 | |
| Overall | | 362.5 | | 345 | | 240 | |
| Sub Heavyweight | Snatch | | 155 | | 155 | | 152.5 |
| Clean and Jerk | | 197.5 | | 192.5 | | 190 | |
| Overall | | 347.5 | | 347.5 | | 345 | |
| Heavyweight | Snatch | | 185 | | 160 | | 130 |
| Clean and Jerk | | 220 | | 200 | | 160 | |
| Overall | | 405 | | 360 | | 290 | |
| Super Heavyweight | Snatch | | 165 | | 160 | | 155 |
| Clean and Jerk | | 200 | | 195 | | 190 | |
| Overall | | 360 | | 360 | | 345 | |
Wrestling
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men | |||
| Light Flyweight | | | |
| Flyweight | | | |
| Bantamweight | | | |
| Featherweight | | | |
| Lightweight | | | |
| Welterweight | | | |
| Middleweight | | | |
| Light Heavyweight | | | |
| Heavyweight | | | |
| Super Heavyweight | | | |
Boxing committee
In preparation for 1994 Commonwealth Games, a boxing committee was formed in 1989. The chairperson of the boxing committee was Hassan Sunderani, and the initial members were Brian Zelley, Glyn Jones and Mike Sartori.
In the initial stages, of the committee one of the immediate tasks was to prepare a guide as to what was expected at the Games, and to document some history of amateur boxing in the Greater Victoria area. The primary work was done by chairperson Sunderani while the local boxing history was assigned to committee member Zelley, a previous news editor for the British Columbia Amateur Boxing Association in the mid-1980s and a contributor of boxing news to various news outlets in the 1970s and 80s.
The next order of business was to start the process of organising volunteers. The first formal public meeting to begin this process took place in Victoria in the boardroom of the Victoria Commonwealth Games Society on 21 April 1990. The meeting included three of the committee members, a VCHS official, and seven potential volunteers including two former Vancouver Island Amateur Boxing commissioners – Bert Wilkinson and Rick Brough.
The primary decision was to arrange a bigger meeting and consider reviving the Greater Victoria Amateur Boxing Association on a formal or informal basis, and to have former experienced people with some background in the sport of amateur boxing. That meeting took place on 13 May 1990 with 23 persons in attendance and was listed as the "Greater Victoria Amateur Boxing Association Founding Meeting". This would become an important meeting to begin the real work in preparation of volunteers, have a representative attend the 1990 Seattle Goodwill Games to observe, and plan and prepare for a test event in 1993. Preliminary coverage of the 13 May meeting included a piece titled "Approaching Games to lift amateur boxing's profile". The reporter Jeff Rud interviewed Games official John Stothart and boxing committee members Mike Sartori and Brian Zelley.[5]
The 1993 test event was held in August and included some top Canadian boxers such as Dale Brown of Calgary. Brown was highlighted in the local paper with the headlines "Brown building impressive ring career";[6] at the end of the tournament the local Times-Colonist newspaper reported "Tournament was a perfect dry run".[7]
Interim boxing chairman
During 1991 Hassan Sunderani resigned as the chairman and committee member Brian Zelley stepped-in for a one-year period as the acting chairman of the committee. During this period, the primary role was to attend Sports Committee meetings[8] while the local boxing community started to organise for potential boxing club activity. In 1992, Sunderani resumed his position and steps were taken to prepare for the pre-Commonwealth Games event in 1993. Also, some new members were appointed to the boxing committee such as Tom Black.[9]
References
- "CM Archive".
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- "Victoria wins 1994 Games". New Straits Times. 16 September 1988. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
- No silver or bronze medal awarded as not enough pairs took part. Please see: Groom, Graham. The Complete Book of the Commonwealth Games. (2017)
- "Times-Colonist. Jeff Rud, 11 May 1990.
- "Times-Colonist", 27 August 1993.
- Times-Colonist, Jeff Rud, 29 August 1993.
- Victoria Commonwealth Games Society, Sports Committee Meetings during 1991.
- Times-Colonist, 17 May 1993
- 21 April 1990, Minutes of a Meeting of Victoria Boxing Enthusiasts
- 13 May 1990, Minutes of Greater Victoria Amateur Boxing Association Founding Meeting
External links
| Preceded by Auckland |
Commonwealth Games Victoria XV Commonwealth Games |
Succeeded by Kuala Lumpur |
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