1987 Kaplan

1987 Kaplan, provisional designation 1952 RH, is a stony Phocaea asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 14 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 11 September 1952, by Russian astronomer Pelageya Shajn at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula.[14] The asteroid was named after Russian astrophysicist Samuil Kaplan.[2]

1987 Kaplan
Lightcurve-based 3D-model of Kaplan
Discovery [1]
Discovered byP. F. Shajn
Discovery siteSimeiz Obs.
Discovery date11 September 1952
Designations
(1987) Kaplan
Named after
Samuil Kaplan [2]
(Russian astrophysicist)
1952 RH
main-belt · (inner)
Phocaea [3][4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc64.54 yr (23,573 days)
Aphelion2.9234 AU
Perihelion1.8422 AU
2.3828 AU
Eccentricity0.2269
3.68 yr (1,343 days)
238.97°
0° 16m 4.8s / day
Inclination23.645°
314.23°
38.176°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions11.70±2.27 km[5]
13.017±0.159 km[6]
13.52±0.39 km[7]
13.89 km (calculated)[3]
14.606±0.104 km[8]
9.453±0.002 h[9][lower-alpha 1]
9.45950±0.00005 h[10]
9.46±0.01 h[11][lower-alpha 2]
9.49±0.02 h[12]
0.2094±0.0448[8]
0.23 (assumed)[3]
0.262±0.053[6]
0.278±0.017[7]
0.28±0.12[5]
S (assumed)[3]
11.40[7] · 11.5[1][3][8] · 11.81[5] · 12.23±1.34[13]

    Orbit and classification

    Kaplan is a member of the Phocaea family (701),[3][4] a large family of stony asteroids with nearly two thousand known members.[15]:23

    It orbits the Sun in the inner main belt at a distance of 1.8–2.9 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,343 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.23 and an inclination of 24° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Simeiz in September 1952.[14]

    Physical characteristics

    Kaplan is an assumed S-type asteroid, in agreement with the overall spectral type of the Phocaea family.[15]:23

    Rotation period

    Between 2000 and 2011, three rotational lightcurves of Kaplan were obtained from photometric observations by astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado, United States. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period between 9.453 and 9.49 hours with a brightness amplitude from 0.46 to 0.65 magnitude (U=3/3/3).[9][11][12][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 1]

    Poles

    In addition a modeled lightcurve, using photometric data from various sources, gave a concurring period of 9.45950 hours and determined two spin axis of (356.0°, −58.0°) and (233.0°, −89.0°) in ecliptic coordinates.[10]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Kaplan measures between 11.70 and 14.606 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.2094 and 0.28.[5][6][7][8]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.23 – derived from 25 Phocaea, the family's parent body and namesake, and calculates a diameter of 13.89 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.5.[3]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after Samuil Aronovich Kaplan (1921–1978), Russian astronomer and astrophysicist at Lvov University Observatory (067), Ukraine, and at the Radiophysical Research Institute in Nizhny Novgorod (formerly known as Gorky), Russia. His research included a variety of astrophysical fields, such as white dwarfs, interstellar matter, radiative transfer, solar radiation, pulsars and galactic nuclei.[2]

    The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1980 (M.P.C. 5358).[16]

    Notes
    1. Lightcurve plot of (1987) Kaplan, Brian Warner at the Palmer Divide Observatory (2011). Rotation period 9.453±0.002 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.65±0.02 mag. Quality code of 3. Summary figures at the LCDB.
    2. Lightcurve plot of (1987) Kaplan, Brian Warner at the Palmer Divide Observatory (2000). Rotation period 9.46±0.01 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.47±0.01 mag. Quality code of 3. Summary figures at the LCDB.
    gollark: ++magic py ```pythonif bot.voice: await bot.voice.disconnect()bot.voice = await ctx.author.voice.channel.connect()source = discord.FFmpegOpusAudio("http://localhost:7778/", codec="opus", options=None)bot.voice.play(source)```
    gollark: ++magic py ```pythonif bot.voice: await bot.voice.disconnect()bot.voice = await ctx.author.voice.channel.connect()source = discord.FFmpegOpusAudio("http://localhost:7778/", codec="opus", options="-af adelay=10000|10000")bot.voice.play(source)```
    gollark: ++magic py ```pythonif bot.voice: await bot.voice.disconnect()bot.voice = await ctx.author.voice.channel.connect()source = discord.FFmpegOpusAudio("http://localhost:7778/", codec="opus", before_options="-itsoffset 1")bot.voice.play(source)```
    gollark: ++magic py ```pythonif bot.voice: await bot.voice.disconnect()bot.voice = await ctx.author.voice.channel.connect()source = discord.FFmpegOpusAudio("http://localhost:7778/", codec="opus", before_options="-af adelay=10000|10000")bot.voice.play(source)```
    gollark: ++magic py ```pythonif bot.voice: await bot.voice.disconnect()bot.voice = await ctx.author.voice.channel.connect()source = discord.FFmpegOpusAudio("http://localhost:7778/", codec="opus", before_options="-af adelay=100000|100000")bot.voice.play(source)```

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1987 Kaplan (1952 RH)" (2017-03-27 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1987) Kaplan". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1987) Kaplan. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 161. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1988. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (1987) Kaplan". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    4. "Asteroid 1987 Kaplan – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
    5. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv:1109.4096. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    7. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    8. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    9. Warner, Brian D. (April 2012). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory: 2011 September – December". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 39 (2): 69–80. Bibcode:2012MPBu...39...69W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    10. Hanus, J.; Broz, M.; Durech, J.; Warner, B. D.; Brinsfield, J.; Durkee, R.; et al. (November 2013). "An anisotropic distribution of spin vectors in asteroid families". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 559: 19. arXiv:1309.4296. Bibcode:2013A&A...559A.134H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321993. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    11. Warner, Brian D. (January 2011). "Upon Further Review: V. An Examination of Previous Lightcurve Analysis from the Palmer Divide Observatory". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (1): 63–65. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38...63W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    12. Warner, B. (September 2001). "Asteroid Photometry at the Palmer Divide Observatory". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 28: 40–41. Bibcode:2001MPBu...28...40W. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    13. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    14. "1987 Kaplan (1952 RH)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
    15. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families. Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.
    16. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 1 November 2017.

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