1980 Surinamese coup d'état

The 1980 Surinamese coup d'état, usually referred to as the Sergeants' Coup (Dutch: De Sergeantencoup), was a military coup in Suriname which occurred on 25 February 1980, when a group of 16 sergeants (Dutch: groep van zestien, lit. 'group of sixteen') of the Surinamese Armed Forces (SKM) led by Dési Bouterse overthrew the government of Prime Minister Henck Arron with a violent coup d'état.[1] This marked the beginning of the military dictatorship that dominated the country from 1980 until 1991. The dictatorship featured the presence of an evening curfew, the lack of freedom of press, a ban on political parties (from 1985), a restriction on the freedom of assembly, a high level of government corruption and the summary executions of political opponents.[2]

1980 Surinamese coup d'état
Map of Suriname.
Date 25 February 1980 Location Paramaribo, Suriname 5°51′8″N 55°12′14″W Result Coup attempt succeeds. Henck Arron is overthrown. Dési Bouterse assumed de facto control of the country.
Belligerents
Government of Suriname	Surinamese Armed Forces National Military Council
Commanders and leaders
Johan Ferrier Henck Arron	Dési Bouterse
Nexus of coup in Paramaribo

Bouterse as military leader in 1985.

Lead-up to the Coup

The Netherlands granted Suriname independence on 25 November 1975.[3] The independence was marked by social unrest, economic depression, and rumours of corruption.[4] The hastily created Suriname National Army had many non-commissioned officers who tried to unionise[5] complaining about corruption,[3] and poor pay[5] President Henck Arron refused to recognise them, and arrested the ringleaders who were to go to trial on 26 February 1980.[6] Elections were also scheduled for March 1980.[5]

Developments

President Johan Ferrier was eventually forced out of office in August 1980, and several months after the coup d'état by Bouterse most of the political authority transferred to the military leadership. From then until 1988, the titular Presidents were essentially army-installed by Bouterse, who ruled as a de facto leader with few practical checks on his power.

December murders and Moiwana massacre

On 8 December 1982, a group of fifteen academics, journalists, lawyers, union leaders, and military officials, who opposed the military rule in Suriname were snatched from their beds and brought to Fort Zeelandia in Paramaribo where they were tortured and executed by Bouterse's soldiers. Fourteen of those executed were Surinamese; journalist Frank Wijngaarde was a Dutch national. The events are known as the December murders.

In 1986 Bouterse's soldiers killed at least 39 citizens, mostly children and women, of the Maroon village of Moiwana, as part of the Suriname Guerrilla War which was fought between the soldiers of Bouterse and the Jungle Commando led by Ronnie Brunswijk.

Transition to democratic rule

Elections were held in 1987 and a new constitution was adopted, which among other things allowed Bouterse to remain in charge of the army. Dissatisfied with the government, Bouterse overthrew them on 24 December 1990, by another coup. This event became popularly known as "the telephone coup". In 1991, elections returned to Suriname where the New Front party gained 41 of the 51 parliament seats. Ronald Venetiaan (a fierce opponent of Bouterse) became president. In 1996, Jules Wijdenbosch was elected as president of Suriname on behalf of Bouterse's party, the National Democratic Party (NDP). In 2000 and 2005 Ronald Venetiaan was elected as president of Suriname. Dési Bouterse returned to power as president in 2010.

National holiday

Monument commemorating the coup.

After becoming president of Suriname, Bouterse designated February 25, the anniversary of the day of the coup d’état, as a national holiday.[7] On the day of the coup, Bouterse's soldiers burned down the Central Police Station of Suriname. The remains of this building now form the monument of the Revolution where every year on 25 February the coup is commemorated.

References

1. "The World Factbook". cia.gov. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
2. "BBC News - Timeline: Suriname". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
3. "Henck Arron (1936-2000)". Historiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 22 June 2020.
4. "Wat zijn de Decembermoorden". NPO Focus (in Dutch). Retrieved 22 June 2020.
5. "The Kingdom Of The Netherlands In The Caribbean. Suriname 1954 – 2004: Kroniek van een illusie". Rozenberg Quarterly (in Dutch). Retrieved 22 June 2020.
6. Carribean Review (1980). "The Year of the Sergeants". University of Florida. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
7. "The Cutting Edge". thecuttingedgenews.com. Retrieved 13 August 2015.

External links

• The Year of the Sergeants by Caribbean Review (1980)