1974 in Israel

Incumbents

Events
The memorial for the victims of the Mahanayim disaster
  • 18 January – Israel and Egypt sign an agreement on disengagement following the Yom Kippur War.
  • 1 February – Lillehammer affair: Five Israeli Mossad agents are sentenced in Norway to prison terms for the assassination of Ahmed Bouchiki. The prison terms range from two and a half to five years, although all the agents are eventually released within 22 months and deported back to Israel.
  • 5 March – Israel completes its pullback from the west side of the Suez Canal to the east side of the canal, as agreed upon in the Agreement on Disengagement.
  • 10 March – Golda Meir presents her third government to the Knesset.
  • 1 April – The Agranat Commission publishes its interim report, which calls for the dismissal of the IDF's Chief of Staff Dado Elazar, director of the Israeli Military Intelligence Directorate Eli Zeira and the Chief of the Israeli Southern Command Shmuel Gonen. The interim report states that they were responsible for failure in preparing the army for war, and for the operational and intelligence failures which occurred prior to the Yom Kippur War, which resulted in severe consequences of the war. Nevertheless, the Agranat Commission refuses to give an opinion on the responsibility of the political leadership, Prime Minister Golda Meir and the Minister of Defence Moshe Dayan arguing that this is beyond its scope.
  • 11 April – Golda Meir resigns from premiership
  • 15 April – Mordechai Gur is appointed as the tenth Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces.
  • 19 April – Mahanayim disaster: Eight Israeli soldiers are killed as a result of a collision between two helicopters over the Mahanayim Airfield.
  • 31 May – Israel and Syria sign an agreement on disengagement following the Yom Kippur War.
  • 3 June – Yitzhak Rabin presents his cabinet for a Knesset "Vote of Confidence". The 17th Government is approved that day and the members are sworn in.

Israeli–Palestinian conflict

The most prominent events related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1974 include:

Ma'alot massacre victims in the Safed Cemetery

Notable Palestinian militant operations against Israeli targets

Main article: Palestinian political violence § Establishment of PLO to First Intifada (1964–1987)

The most prominent Palestinian Arab terror attacks committed against Israelis during 1974 include:

  • 11 April – Kiryat Shmona massacre: Three members of the PFLP-GC cross the Israeli border from Lebanon, enter an apartment building in the town of Kiryat Shmona and kill all eighteen residents there, half of whom are children.[1]
  • 15 May – Ma'alot massacre: Palestinian militants of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine cross the Israeli border from Lebanon. They attack a van killing two Israeli Arab women, they enter an apartment building in the town of Ma'alot and kill a couple and their 4-year-old son. After that the militant squad take over a local school and hold at 105 students and 10 teachers hostage. The hostage-takers demanded the release of 23 Palestinian militants from Israeli prisons, or they would kill the students. On the second day of the standoff, a unit of the elite Golani Brigade stormed the building. During the takeover the hostage-takers detonated their grenades and shot the children. Ultimately, 25 hostages were killed, including 22 children; 68 more were injured.[2][3]
  • 24–25 June – 1974 Nahariya attack: three Palestinian militant squad infiltrated the coastal city of Nahariya in Israel by sea from Lebanon. During the attack three civilians and one Israeli soldier were killed.
  • 8 September – TWA jet with 88 passengers traveling from Tel Aviv to Athens crashed into the Ionian Sea after PFLP militants detonated a bomb hidden in the baggage compartment, killing all the 79 passengers and 9 crew members on board.
  • 19 November – 1974 Beit She'an attack: a raid by a squad of Palestinian militants, belonging to the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine militant organization, on the Israeli city of Beit She'an. Four civilians were killed during the event and more than 20 civilians were injured.

Notable Israeli military operations against Palestinian militancy targets

The most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1974 include:

Unknown dates

Notable births
  • 10 February – Ivri Lider, Israeli singer.
  • 8 March – Anat Elimelech, Israeli actress and model (died 1997).
  • 12 March – Walid Badir, Arab Israeli footballer.
  • 1 May – Maor Cohen, Israeli singer and entertainer.
  • 16 June – Adir Miller, Israeli actor and comedian.
  • 10 October – Oded Katash, Israeli basketball player.
  • 10 October – Asi Cohen, Israeli actor and comedian.

Notable deaths
Zalman Shazar
  • 15 January – Yosef Serlin (born 1906), Russian (Poland)-born Zionist activist, lawyer and Israeli politician
  • 5 April - Yitzhak Arieli (born 1896), leading Israeli rabbi
  • 5 October – Zalman Shazar (born 1889), Russian (Belarus)-born Israeli politician, author and poet. He served as the third President of Israel.
  • 13 October – Reuven Rubin (born 1893), Romanian-born Israeli painter and diplomat
  • 6 November – Shlomo Zemach (born 1887), Russian (Poland)-born Israeli author, agriculturalist and early Zionist pioneer
  • Full date unknown
    • Meir Margalit (born 1906), Russian (Poland)-born Israeli stage actor
    • Aharon Meskin (born 1898), Russian (Belarus)-born Israeli stage actor

Major public holidays

See also

References
  1. Modern Israel & the Diaspora (1970-1979) Jewish Virtual Library
  2. "Top 10 Worst School Massacres". The List Universe. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
  3. "1974: Dozens Die as Israel Retaliates for Ma'alot". BBC. 16 May 1974. Retrieved 25 October 2008.

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