1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election

The fourth legislative assembly election of Madras State (later renamed as Tamil Nadu) was held in February 1967. The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) led coalition under the leadership of C.N. Annadurai won the election defeating the Indian National Congress (Congress). Anti-Hindi agitations, the rising prices of essential commodities and a shortage of rice were the dominant issues. K. Kamaraj's resignation as the Chief Minister in 1963, to concentrate on party affairs, along with persistent rumours of corruption had weakened the incumbent Congress Government. This was the second time after Communist Party of India winning Kerala assembly elections in 1957, for a non-Congress party to gain majority in a state in India, and the last time that Congress held power in Tamil Nadu. It was the first time a party or pre-election alliance formed a non-Congress government with absolute majority. It marked the beginning of Dravidian dominance in the politics of Tamil Nadu. Annadurai, who became the first non-Congress chief minister of post-independence Tamil Nadu, died in office in 1969 and V.R. Nedunchezhiyan took over as acting chief minister.

1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election

5-21, February 1967
All 234 seats in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly 118 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party   Leader C.N. Annadurai M. Bhaktavatsalam Party DMK INC Leader's seat MLC[1] Sriperumbudur (lost) Seats won 179 51 Seat change +123 -88 Popular vote 8,051,437 6,293,378 Percentage 52.59% 41.10% Swing +15.69% -5.04%
Chief Minister before election M. Bakthavatsalam INC Chief Minister C.N. Annadurai DMK

Background

The Congress party began to show weakness in the years after the 1962 election.[2] In the summer of 1962, DMK conducted demonstrations against rising prices. These demonstrations turned violent throughout the state leading to the arrest of 6500 DMK volunteers, 14 members of the assembly and four members of the Lok Sabha, including Annadurai.[2]

Kamaraj resigned the Chief Ministership in 1963 to assume the presidency of the All India Congress Committee and was replaced by M. Bakthavatsalam. Robert L. Hardgrave, Jr. (Temple Professor Emeritus in the Humanities, Government and Asian Studies from the University of Texas) wrote in an article published in the journal Pacific Affairs, that M. Bhaktavatsalam did not have the personal charisma or political acumen of Kamaraj. Persistent rumours of corruption tarnished the image of the Government. In October 1964, the food crisis brought the popularity of the Congress Government to an all-time low.[2]

Issues

Main article: Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu

The major issues at play in the election were the official language issue, the rise in essential commodity prices and the shortage of rice. The central Government led by the Indian National Congress had implemented an act replacing English with Hindi as an official language of India while retaining a possible "associate" status to English. The switchover came into effect on 26 January 1965. In protest to the vague wording of the act, fearing a possible elimination of English and imposition of Hindi, DMK had launched an agitation opposing the switchover and that agitation turned violent. The 1967 election was held in the aftermath of this violence.[3]

The acute rice shortage prevailing in the state became an election issue with the DMK promising to supply three padis (approx. 4.5 kg) of rice for 1 Rupee in its election manifesto.[4][5] The DMK capitalised on the rice shortage as well as widespread discontent with the Bhaktavatsalam administration. Slogans like Kamarajar Annachi kadalaiparuppu vilai ennachu (Elder Brother (Annachi is a title historically been used to refer to a person of Kamaraj's caste) Kamaraj, what happened to the price of chana dal?), Bhaktavatsalam annachi arisi vilai ennachu (lit. Brother Bhatavatsalam, what happened to the price of rice?) were used effectively by the DMK to stir public anger against the Congress.[6]

This election was noted for popular actor, DMK candidate and future Chief Minister M.G. Ramachandran (MGR) being shot in the throat by actor M.R. Radha. He survived the shooting, but the incident created a huge popularity wave for MGR. This eventually helped to increase the popularity of not only MGR, but also the DMK in the election, and is attributed as one of the reasons for the victory of the DMK.[7]

Coalitions

There were two major political coalitions running in the elections. The Indian National Congress contested[8] alone, while the Dravidar Kazhagam (DK) under Periyar E. V. Ramasamy supported and campaigned for the incumbent Congress against his protege Annadurai.[9][10][11] The DMK-led front comprised the Swatantra Party, Communist Party of India (Marxist), Praja Socialist Party, Samyukta Socialist Party, Tamil Nadu Toilers Party, Republican Party of India and the Indian Union Muslim League. The Tamil Arasu Kazhagam and the We Tamils party campaigned using the DMK election symbol.[3][12] This opposition coalition was forged by C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) with the sole purpose of defeating the Kamaraj led Congress. Rajaji's personal hostility to Kamaraj and his opposition to the Congress party were the main reasons behind Swatantra's alliance with DMK.[13] The Communist Party of India campaigned alone without joining either of the two coalitions.[14][15]

The electoral alliance between DMK, Swatantra Party and Muslim League had emerged in the years before the 1964 civic elections throughout Madras state. During the 1964 election campaign Rajagopalachari had said, "The DMK and Muslim League are my children and I am duty bound to nurse them to strength and stature."[2]

Campaigning

See also: Tamil cinema and Dravidian politics

Both Congress and DMK used films and actors for campaigning. Gemini Studios produced a political film for the Congress – Vazhga Nam Thayagam starring Shivaji Ganesan and Nagesh. Sivaji and Padmini worked for the Congress party. Despite its efforts, Congress could not counter the DMK's propaganda, which had a long history of using films for political campaigns since its founding.[16]

DMK's long term association with the Tamil Film industry was put to good use in the campaign. MGR's films were used to attack Congress policies and to popularise DMK's positions. Similar to the tactics employed in the elections of 1957 and 1962, film songs and dialogues from Kaanji Thalaivan (1963), "Deivathai (1964), "Padakotti (1964)", Aayirathil Oruvan", Enga Veettu Pillai (1965), Anbe Vaa (1966), Naan Aanaiyittal (1966), "[[Mugarasi (1966), "Petralthan Pillaya (1966)",Vivasayee (1967) and Arasakattalai (1967) were used for political messaging. Lesser known film stars like Ravichandran and Jaishankar used their films for praising DMK and Annadurai. The DMK put up posters of MGR recuperating in a hospital bed with a neck cast (from his gunshot wounds) all over Tamil Nadu to garner public sympathy and support.[6][17][18]

Election

The election was held for a total of 234 constituencies, including 43 Scheduled Caste and 2 Scheduled Tribe reserved constituencies. 778 candidates, including 11 women were in the fray, of whom 231 men and 3 women were elected to the assembly. The election saw a turnout of 76.57 percent of all eligible voters, with 79.19% men and 73.99% women casting their votes. The polling for the assembly election took place along with the polling for the 1967 parliamentary elections. It took place in three phases between 5 and 21 February (5, 18 and 21 February).[19][20]

Results

DMK and its coalition allies won 179 seats (76.5%). The Indian National Congress won 51 seats (21.8%).[21] Four candidates of the Naam Thamizhar Party led by S. P. Adithanar and two candidates of Tamil Arasu Kazhagam led by M. P. Sivagnanam contested[8] under DMK's "Rising Sun" Symbol. The Indian Union Muslim League candidates contested[8] as independents.[22]

Alliances	Party	Popular Vote	Vote %	Seats contested	Seats won	Change
United Front[23] Seats: 179 Seat Change: +123 Popular Vote: 8,051,437 Popular Vote %: 52.59%	Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	6,230,556	40.69%	174	137	+87
	Swatantra Party	811,232	5.30%	27	20	+14
	Communist Party of India (Marxist)	623,114	4.07%	22	11	+11
	Praja Socialist Party	136,188	0.89%	4	4	+4
	Indian Union Muslim League	95,494	0.62%	3	3	+3
	Sanghata Socialist Party	84,188	0.55%	3	2	+2
	DMK Backed Independents	70,665	0.46%	2	2	+2
Indian National Congress Seats: 51 Seat Change: -88 Popular Vote: 6,293,378 Popular Vote %: 41.10%	Indian National Congress	6,293,378	41.10%	232	51	-88
Others Seats: 4 Seat Change: -5	Independents	591,214	3.86%	246	1	-4
	Communist Party of India	275,932	1.80%	32	2	—
	Forward Bloc	44,714	0.29%	1	1	-2
	Republican Party of India	31,286	0.20%	13	0	—
	Bharatiya Jana Sangh	22,745	0.15%	24	0	—
Total	11 Political Parties	15,310,702	100%	—	234	—

Analysis

The effective grass roots campaigning by the DMK and the political acumen of Annadurai, defeated the Congress and its leader M. Bhaktavatsalam. The popularity of the United Front was so large that they were able to win an absolute majority in ten out of the 14 districts in the state, while Congress could not accomplish that in a single district. This was largely due to the fact that the United Front was able to capitalize on its growing support in large towns and cities, combined with the decline in Congress support in its traditional Schedule Caste constituencies.[23]

Margin of Victory

The following table shows the number of seats won by corresponding parties, by the margin of votes.[23]

Party	Less than 500	500-1000	1000-3000	3000-5000	5000-10000	10000-20000	20000+
DMK	3	1	10	9	42	56	17
SWA	—	—	5	1	5	8	1
INC	5	5	20	10	5	3	1
CPM	—	—	1	1	4	4	1

Notable losses

The former chief minister and popular leader of the Indian National Congress, K. Kamaraj lost his seat in Virudunagar by 1285 votes to the student leader P. Seenivasan from the DMK. A few days before the election, Kamaraj had an accident and could not campaign. This led to his famous declaration that he would win lying down (Tamil: படுத்துக் கொண்டே ஜெயிப்பேன்).[6] He lost the election along with the incumbent Chief Minister M. Bakthavatsalam, who lost his seat in Sriperumbudur to D. Rajarathinam from the DMK by 8926 votes. Except for G. Bhuvaraghan (the minister for Information and Publicity), all ministers of the outgoing Bakthavatsalam cabinet were defeated in this election.[24][25]

Government formation

The election results were announced on 23 February 1967 and the DMK won an absolute majority on its own. It had increased its vote share to 40.6% from 27.1% in 1962 election. Annadurai resigned as the Member of Parliament from the Madras South Lok Sabha constituency, which was later won by Murasoli Maran in the following by-election. Annadurai was nominated as Chief Minister of Madras State and staked a claim to form a Government on 2 March 1967.[26] He was sworn in by Governor Ujjal Singh on 6 March 1967 in Rajaji Hall.[12] He was later elected to the Madras Legislative Council on 22 April 1967.[27][28]

Annadurai's Cabinet

The council of ministers in C. N. Annadurai's cabinet (6 March 1967 – 10 February 1969) were all from the DMK and they are listed in the following table.[29]

Minister	Portfolios
C.N. Annadurai	Chief Minister, General Administration, Finance, Civil services, Planning, Police, Prohibition, Overseas Indians, Refugees and Evacuees
V. R. Nedunchezhiyan	Education, Industries, Official Language, Textiles, Yarn, Handlooms, Mines and Minerals, Electricity, Iron and Steel, Companies and Religious Endowments
M. Karunanidhi	Public Works, Highways, Transport, Ports and Minor Irrigation
K. A. Mathialagan	Food, Revenue and Commercial Taxes
A. Govindasamy	Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, Forests and Chinchona
S. J. Sadiq Pasha	Public Health
Satyavani Muthu	Harijan Welfare and Information
M. Muthuswamy	Local Administration, Community Development, Khadi and Village Industries, Bhoodan and Gramdhan, Ex-servicemen
S. Madhavan	Law, Co-operation and Housing
N. V. Natarajan	Labour

List of elected members

**	Muslim League Candidates contesting as independents[30]
*	DMK backed Independents[31]

No.	Assembly Constituency	Winner	Party	Runner-up	Party	Margin (votes)
1	Acharapakkam	P. S. Ellappan	SWA	P. Saradambal	INC	14,901
2	Aduthurai	A. Marimuthu	INC	M. G. Mani	DMK	4,572
3	Alangudi	K. V. Subbiah	DMK	T. A. S. Thangavelu	INC	836
4	Alangulam	V. Arunachalam	DMK	A. B. Balagan	INC	2,571
5	Ambasamudram	G. G. S. Dikshidar	INC	A. Nallasivan	CPM	2,513
6	Ambur	M. Panneerselvam	DMK	P. Rajagopal	INC	10,607
7	Andhiyur	E. M. Natarajan	DMK	Gurumurthi	INC	7,468
8	Andimadam	K. N. Ramachandran	DMK	M. S. T. Padayachi	INC	5,683
9	Andipatti	S. Paramasivam	SWA	A. Thiruvenkidasamy	INC	6,260
10	Arakkonam	S. J. Ramasamy	DMK	B. Naidu	INC	7,608
11	Arantangi	A. Thurairasan	DMK	K. B. Dervaikarar	INC	6,421
12	Aravakurichi	S. K. Gounder	SWA	V. P. Gounder	INC	24,132
13	Arcot	Arcot N. Veeraswami	DMK	A. G. R. Naicker	INC	14,330
14	Ariyalur	R. Karuppiam	INC	DMK]]	1,423
15	Arni	A. C. Narasimhan	DMK	T. B. J. Chettiar	INC	20,718
16	Aruppukottai	S. S. Bharathi	SWA	T. K. Sundarm	INC	9,141
17	Athoor	V. S. S. Manichettiar	DMK	R. R. Reddiar	INC	1,755
18	Attur	K. N. Sivaperumal	DMK	M. P. Subramaniam	INC	10,204
19	Avanashi	R. K. Gounder	SWA	K. M. Gounder	INC	5,119
20	Basin Bridge	M. R. Kannan	DMK	K. Ramdas	INC	9,352
21	Bhavani	A. M. Raja	DMK	P. K. Mudaliar	INC	21,353
22	Bhavanisagar	Ramarasan	DMK	M. Velusamy	INC	4,793
23	Bhuvanagiri	A. Govindarasan	DMK	D. Ramachandran	INC	10,561
24	Bodinayakkanur	N. Srinivasan	INC	P. V. Durairaj	CPM	766
25	Chengalpattu	C. G. Viswanathan	DMK	T. Naicker	INC	23,549
26	Chengam	P. S. Santhanam	DMK	A. Arumugham	INC	11,055
27	Cheranmadevi	D. S. Adhimoolam	SWA	S. Chellapandian	INC	6,375
28	Cheyyar	K. Govindan	DMK	K. M. Kangan	INC	19,673
29	Chidambaram	R. Kanagasabai Pillai	INC	P. Ponchockalingam	DMK	1,555
30	Coimbatore East	M. Bhupathy	CPM	G. R. Damodaran	INC	5,645
31	Coimbatore West	J. Govindarajulu	DMK	S. R. P. P. Chettiar	INC	17,808
32	Colachel	A. Chidambaranatha Nadar	INC	S. Retnaraj	SWA	1,446
33	Coonoor	B. Gowder	DMK	M. K. N. Gowder	INC	9,475
34	Cuddalore	E. Re. Elamvazhuthi	DMK	P. R. S. Padayachi	INC	7,248
35	Cumbum	Rajangam	DMK	N. S. K. S. Pandiaraj	INC	13,415
36	Dharapuram	Palaniammal	DMK	P. Velusamy	INC	20,633
37	Dharmapuri	M. S. Gounder	DMK	D. N. Vadivel	INC	6,691
38	Dindigul	A. Balasubramanyam	CPM	O. C. Pillai	INC	12,844
39	Edapadi	A. Arumugam	INC	K. S. S. Gounder	INC	6,342
40	Egmore	A. V. P. Asaithambi	DMK	J. Vencatachellum	INC	6,946
41	Erode	M. Chinnasamy	DMK	P. Arjunan	INC	19,663
42	Gandarvakottai	R. R. Durai	INC	D. G. Kalingarar	DMK	4,231
43	Gangaikondan	A. Karuppiah	DMK	M. Chellappa	INC	13,221
44	Gingee	V. Munusami	DMK	G. Rajaram	INC	11,612
45	Gobichettipalayam	K. M. R. Gounder	SWA	M. Gounder	INC	4,571
46	Gudalur	C. Nanjam	INC	Bomman	SWA	628
47	Gudiyatham	V. K. Kothandaraman	CPM	B. R. Naidu	INC	16,924
48	Gummidipundi	K. Vezhavendan	DMK	Kamalambujammal	INC	4,360
49	Harbour	Habibullah Baig	IND	K. S. G. H. Shereef	INC	3,850
50	Harur	N. Theerthagiri	INC	N. Arumugam	DMK	548
51	Hosur	B. Venkataswami	SWA	K. A. Pillai	INC	2,201
52	Ilayangudi	V. Malaikannan	DMK	S. Ramachandran	INC	10,483
53	Jayankondam	K. A. A. K. Moorthy	DMK	S. Ramasami	INC	5,960
54	Kadaladi	M. Alangaram	DMK	K. Paramalai	INC	18,125
55	Kadambattur	C. V. M. Annamalai	DMK	C. C. Naidu	INC	21,758
56	Kadavur	K. K. Muthiah	INC	Anbil P. Dharmalingam	DMK	6,314
57	Kadayanallur	A. R. S. Mudaliar	IND	S. M. A. Majid	INC	446
58	Kalasapakkam	S. Murugaiyan	INC	M. Sundarasan	DMK	12,143
59	Kallakurichi	D. K. Naidu	DMK	V. T. Elayapillai	INC	10,533
60	Kamiyambadi	L. Balaraman	INC	T. Thiruvengadam	DMK	1,412
61	Kancheepuram	N. Krishnan	DMK	V. C. S. Nayagar	INC	11,550
62	Kandamangalam	M. Raman	DMK	M. S. Saraswathi	INC	7,437
63	Kangayam	A. S. Gounder	INC	Velusami	DMK	146
64	Kanyakumari	B. M. Pillai	INC	S. M. Pillai	SWA	9,738
65	Kapilamalai	C. V. Velappan	DMK	R. S. Gounder	INC	8,293
66	Karaikudi	S. Meiyappan	SWA	C. V. C. V. V. Chettiar	INC	16,318
67	Kariapatti	A. R. perumal	SWA	P. M. Baskaran	INC	1,118
68	Karur	T. M. Nallasamy	INC	S. Nallaswamy	CPM	4,875
69	Katpadi	G. Natarajan	DMK	P. S. R. Naidu	INC	7,920
70	Kattumannarkoil	S. Sivasubramanian	INC	C. Govindarasu	DMK	134
71	Kaveripattinam	P. Naidu	INC	P. V. Seeramulu	DMK	3,421
72	Killiyoor	William	INC	Paniadimai	SWA	5,656
73	Kinathukadavu	M. Kannappan	DMK	S. Gounder	INC	19,954
74	Kodavasal	C. Krishnamoorthi	DMK	M. D. T. Pillai	INC	6,295
75	Kottur	A. K. Subbiah	CPI	C. M. Ambikapathy	INC	5,529
76	Kovilpatti	S. Alagarsamy	CPI	V. O. C. A. Pillai	INC	10,426
77	Krishnagiri	P. M. M. Gounder	INC	C. Manniappan	DMK	185
78	Krishnarajapuram	P. Soundarapandian	DMK	T. V. Sannasi	INC	2,541
79	Kulittalai	M. Kandaswamy	DMK	P. E. S. Reddiar	INC	3,815
80	Kumbakonam	N. Kasiraman	INC	K. S. Mani	DMK	1,193
81	Kunnathur	M. Gopal	DMK	P. Appavoo	INC	27,209
82	Kurinjipadi	N. Rajangam	DMK	M. Jayaraman	INC	7,252
83	Kuttalam	G. B. Mohan	CPM	M. Sivakadaksham	INC	6,736
84	Lalgudi	D. Natarajan	DMK	D. R. Udaiyar	INC	2,640
85	Madhuranthakam	Kothandam	DMK	G. Reddy	INC	13,182
86	Madurai Central	C. Govindarajan	DMK	V. Sankaran	INC	16,779
87	Madurai East	K. P. Janakiammal	CPM	A. G. Subburaman	INC	8,244
88	Madurai West	N. Sankaraiah	CPM	M. Chelliah	INC	23,870
89	Manamadurai	K. Cheemaichamy	SWA	C. B. Rena	INC	453
90	Mangalore	A. Krishnan	DMK	P. Vedamanickam	INC	12,869
91	Mannargudi	T. S. S. Odayar	INC	S. Narayanaswamy	DMK	923
92	Mayuram	N. Kittappa	DMK	G. N. Naidu	INC	3,342
93	Melapalayam	M. M. Peer Mohammed	IND	S. R. Reddiar	INC	8,124
94	Melmalayanur	R. R. Munusamy	DMK	K. G. Gounder	INC	15,820
95	Melur North	P. Malaichamy	DMK	M. A. Ambalam	INC	8,519
96	Melur South	O. P. Raman	DMK	P. Kakkan	INC	21,537
97	Mettupalayam	T. T. S. Thippiah	INC	Thooyamani	DMK	2,973
98	Mettur	M. Surendaran	PSP	K. K. Gounder	INC	6,038
99	Modakkurichi	K. R. Nallasivam	SSP	C. Kulandiammal	INC	19,859
100	Mudukulathur	R. R. Thevar	SWA	S. A. Servai	INC	11,290
101	Mugaiyur	A. Govindasamy	DMK	N. K Ganapathy	INC	12,043
102	Musiri	P. S. Muthuselvan	DMK	K. V. K. Reddiar	INC	4,865
103	Mylapore	Arangannal	DMK	V. R. Radhakrishnan	INC	9,228
104	Nagapattinam	K. R. Gnanasambandan	CPM	R. R. V. Naidu	INC	10,134
105	Nagercoil	M. C. Balan	DMK	T. Nadar	INC	6,692
106	Namakkal	M. Muthuswamy	DMK	V. R. K. Gounder	INC	7,859
107	Nanguneri	N. Duraipandian	INC	T. G. Nadar	DMK	4,172
108	Nannilam	P. Jayaraj	INC	T. P. Ramachandran	CPM	6,482
109	Natrampalli	T. C. T. Gounder	DMK	R. C. S. Gounder	INC	2,439
110	Nellikuppam	C. Govindarajan	CPM	A. Lakshminarayanan	INC	4,973
111	Nilakkottai	A. Muniyandi	DMK	A. S. Ponnammal	INC	12,486
112	Yercaud	V. Chinnasamy	DMK	Ponnudurai	INC	5,587
113	Oddanchatram	N. Gounder	DMK	A. P. Palaniappan	INC	8,864
114	Omalur	C. Palani	DMK	C. Govindan	INC	10,245
115	Orathanad	L. Ganesan	DMK	M. D. Pillai	INC	16,093
116	Ottapidaram	M. Muthiah	SWA	S. Dhanushkodi	INC	5,123
117	Padmanabhapuram	V. George	INC	M. M. Ali	CPM	6,923
118	Palacode	K. Murugesan	INC	M. B. Munusamy	DMK	3,090
119	Palani	Krishnamoorthy	DMK	A. Rajagopal	INC	22,891
120	Palladam	K. N. K. Gounder	PSP	R. Sengaliappan	INC	7,556
121	Panamarathupatti	T. Ponnumalai	DMK	C. Sepperumal	DMK	7,727
122	Panruti	S. Ramachandran	DMK	V. V. Padayachi	INC	15,566
123	Papanasam	R. S. Moopanar	INC	A. M. Sali	IND	10,246
124	Paramakudi	T. K. Siraimeetan	DMK	R. Thavasi	INC	14,466
125	Park town	H. V. Hande	SWA	T. N. Anandanayaki	INC	2,679
126	Pattukkottai	A. R. Marimuthu	PSP	N. Ramasamy	INC	7,142
127	Pennagaram	P. K. C. Muthusamy	INC	N. Manickam	DMK	1,343
128	Perambalur	J. S. Rasu	DMK	M. Ayyakannu	INC	4,793
129	Perambur	Satyavani Muthu	DMK	D. Sulochana	INC	6,687
130	Peravurani	M. Krishnamurthy	DMK	A. V. Servai	INC	9,118
131	Periyakulam	M. Metha	DMK	R. S. Subramaniam	INC	6,375
132	Pernambattu	P. Jayaraman	DMK	T. Manavalan	INC	8,911
133	Pernamallur	V. D. A. Mudaly	DMK	P. Ramachandran	INC	9,188
134	Perundurai	S. Balasubramanian	SSP	N. Nallasenapathi Sarkarai Mandradiar	INC	3134
135	Perur	N. Marudachalam	CPM	R. Rayappan	INC	17,192
136	Pollachi	A. P. S. Gounder	DMK	E. Gounder	INC	11,792
137	Polur	S. Kuppammal	DMK	S. M. Annamalai	INC	13,068
138	Pongalur	P. N. P. Gounder	DMK	P.S. Rangaswamy	INC	15,957
139	Ponneri	P. Nagalingam	DMK	T. P. Elumalai	INC	9,995
140	Pudukkottai	R. V. Thondaiman	INC	Thiagarajan	DMK	20,087
141	Purasawalkam	V. S. Govindarajan	DMK	Damodaran	INC	12,226
142	Radhapuram	N. Soundrapandian	INC	V. Kartheesan	DMK	548
143	Rajapalayam	A. A. S. Raja	IND	P. A. A. Raja	INC	13,261
144	Ramanathapuram	T. Thangappan	DMK	R. Shanmuga Rajeshwara Sethupathi	INC	8,610
145	Ranipet	M. Abdul Gaffoor Sahib	IND	S. K. Sheriff	INC	1,058
146	Rasipuram	P. Periasamy	DMK	K. Muthuswamy Gounder	INC	7,529
147	Rishivandiyam	M. Anandan	DMK	L. Anandan	INC	318
148	Saidapet	M. Karunanidhi	DMK	S. G. Vinayagamurthy	INC	20,482
149	St. Thomas Mount	M. G. Ramachandran	DMK	T. L. Ragupathy	INC	27,674
150	Salem - I	K. Jayaraman	DMK	P. Thiagarajan	INC	14,066
151	Salem - II	E. R. Krishnan	DMK	A. R. Gounder	INC	11,496
152	Sankarapuram	S. P. Pachaiyappan	DMK	D. Muthusami	INC	5,518
153	Sankarankoil	P. Durairaj	DMK	P. Urkavalan	INC	17,962
154	Sankari	R. Nallamuthu	DMK	A. Rajendran	INC	12,928
155	Sattur	S. Ramaswamy Naidu	SWA	R. Krishnasamy Naidu	INC	19,910
156	Sathankulam	Martin	INC	Adithan	DMK	4,297
157	Satyamangalam	P. G. Karuthiruman	INC	S. M. Marappan	CPM	1,206
158	Sedapatti	V. T. Thevar	SWA	T. A. Nadar	INC	19,614
159	Sembanarkoil	S. Ganesan	DMK	S. Ramalingam	INC	18,947
160	Sendamangalam	A. S. Gounder	INC	S. T. Doraiswamy	CPM	771
161	Sholavandan	P. S. Maniyan	DMK	R. S. Servai	INC	16,493
162	Sholinghur	Aranganathan	DMK	A. M. P. Mudaliar	INC	7,024
163	Singanallur	P. Velusamy	PSP	V. K. L. Gounder	INC	13,263
164	Sivaganga	S. Sethuraman	DMK	R. V. Swaminathan	INC	12,950
165	Sivakasi	S. A. Thevar	SWA	R. R. Thevar	INC	11,498
166	Sirkazhi	K. B. S. Mani	IND	R. Thangavelu	INC	12,814
167	Srirangam	S.Ramalingam	INC	M. Aruna	INC	1,118
168	Sriperumbudur	D. Rajarathinam	DMK	M. Bakthavatsalam	INC	8926
169	Srivaikuntam	S. P. Adithanar	DMK	Eral.R.L.Ramasamy Nadar(R.L.R)	INC	19,061
170	Srivilliputhur	K. A. A. Gurusamy	DMK	S. P. Dharmaraj	INC	8,941
171	Talavasal	Moo. Marimuthu	DMK	A. Doraisamy	INC	8,841
172	Taramangalam	Govindan	DMK	M. S. Krishnan	INC	8,963
173	Tenkasi	I. A. C. Pillai	INC	K. M. K. Samsudin	DMK	743
174	Thandrambattu	K. S. Kandar	INC	R. Dharmalingam	DMK	1,339
175	Thanjavur	A. Y. S. Parisutha Nadar	INC	S. Natarajan	DMK	4,511
176	Theni	P. T. R. Palanivel Rajan	DMK	M. Malaichami	INC	12,514
177	Thirumangalam	N. S. V. Chithan	INC	M. P. Rajan	SWA	3,257
178	Thirupparangundram	S. Agniraju	DMK	S. Sonaimuthu	INC	22,377
179	Thiruvattar	J. James	INC	D. Gnanasigamani	CPM	8,092
180	Thondamuthur	R. Manickavasakam	DMK	V. E. Naidu	INC	15,419
181	Thottiyam	Vadivel	DMK	T. Veerappan	INC	10,031
182	Thousand lights	K. A. Mathialagan	DMK	M. Sivaraj	INC	14,148
183	T. Nagar	M. P. Sivagnanam	DMK	K. M. Subramaniam	IND	9,993
184	Thirumayam	Ponnambalam	DMK	V. Ramiah	INC	20,221
185	Thiruthuraipundi	N. Dharmalingam	DMK	K. C. Manali	CPI	1,502
186	Thiruvaiyaru	G. M. Sethurar	DMK	K. B. Palani	INC	3,528
187	Thiruvarambur	V. Swaminathan	INC	K. Kamakshi	DMK	4,629
188	Thiruvarur	Dhanushkodi	CPM	Vedaiyan	INC	2,554
189	Tindivanam	K. Ramamoorthy	INC	A. Thangavelu	DMK	2098
190	Tiruchendur	E. Fernando	DMK	S. Nadar	INC	10,648
191	Tiruchengode	T. A. Rajavelu	DMK	T. P. Natesan	INC	20,348
192	Tiruchy - I	M. S. Mani	DMK	A. S. G. L. Pillai	INC	3,305
193	Tiruchy - II	R. Nagasundaram	DMK	M. K. M. A. Salam	INC	7,206
194	Tirukoilur	E. M. Subramaniam	INC	A. S. Kumarasamy	DMK	1,673
195	Tirunelveli	A. L. Subramanian	DMK	M. S. M. Pillai	INC	16,225
196	Tiruppattur (41)	C.K.Chinnaraj Gounder	DMK	Shanmugmam	INC	2,077
197	Tiruppattur (194)	S. Madhavan	DMK	V. S. S. Chettiar	INC	13,638
198	Tirupporur	Munu Adhi	DMK	N. M. Manivarma	INC	16,416
199	Tiruppur	S. Duraisamy	DMK	K. N. P. Gounder	INC	14,145
200	Tiruttani	K. Vinayakam	INC	V. K. Kuppuswamy	DMK	1,786
201	Tiruvadanai	K. Ambalam	SWA	M. Arunachalam	INC	3,969
202	Tiruvallur	S. M. Dorairaj	DMK	V. S. Arunachalam	INC	21,657
203	Tiruvannamalai	D. Vijayaraj	INC	P. U. Shanmugam	DMK	3,185
204	Tiruvottiyur	A. P. Arasu	DMK	V. Venkateswaralu	INC	18,873
205	Triplicane	V. R. Nedunchezhiyan	DMK	M. S. Sammandappa	INC	12,694
206	Tuticorin	M. S. Sivasami	DMK	S. P. Nadar	INC	14,658
207	Udagamandalam	K. Bojan	SWA	T. K. Gowder	INC	19,889
208	Uddanapalle	K. S. Kothandaramiah	SWA	D. C. Vijendriah	INC	14,078
209	Udumalpet	S. J. S. Pasha	DMK	K. Ramasami	INC	14,018
210	Uppiliyapuram	T. P. Alagamuthu	DMK	A. V. Mudaliar	INC	12,037
211	Usilambatti	P. K. M. Thevar	FBL	A. M. N. Thevar	INC	28,489
212	Ulundurpet	M. K. Padayachi	INC	V. S. Padayachi	DMK	1,560
213	Uthangarai	T. T. Gownder	INC	K. R. Krishnan	DMK	2,040
214	Uthiramerur	K. M. Rajagopal	DMK	O. S. Reddiar	INC	20,875
215	Vadamadurai	P. T. Naicker	INC	V. S. Lakshmanan	DMK	1,856
216	Valangiman	N. Somasundaram	DMK	R. Subramaniam	INC	4,018
217	Valparai	E. Ramaswamy	DMK	N. Nachimuthu	INC	20,077
218	Vanur	A. G. Balakrishnan	DMK	Velayudham	INC	70
219	Vandavasi	Muthulingam	DMK	A. Adineelam	INC	17,326
220	Vaniyambadi	Rajamannar	INC	Vadivel	DMK	1,638
221	Varahur	R. Narayanan	DMK	M. V. Perumal	INC	12,313
222	Vasudevanallur	A. Velladurai	DMK	M. P. Swamy	INC	6,980
223	Vedaranyam	P. V. Thevar	INC	P. V. Thevar	DMK	264
224	Vedasandur	N. Varadaraj	CPM	S. N. Rao	INC	691
225	Veerapandy	S. Arumugam	DMK	N. S. Sundararajan	INC	20,805
226	Vellakoil	K. N. S. Gounder	DMK	D. P. Gounder	INC	19,431
227	Vellore	M. P. Sarathi	DMK	J. Mudaliar	INC	14,414
228	Vilathikulam	M. Rathinasabapathy	DMK	M. P. S. Reddiar	IND	3,555
229	Vilavancode	R. Ponnappan Nadar	INC	P. M. N. Pillai	IND	11,327
230	Villupuram	M. Shanmugam	DMK	V. P. S. Gounder	INC	5,931
231	Viralimalai	S. S. Thethuvandar	DMK	P. P. Gounder	INC	3,934
232	Virudunagar	P. Seenivasan	DMK	K. Kamaraj	INC	1,285
233	Vridhachalam	G. Bhuvaraghan	INC	M. Selvaraj	DMK	8,867
234	Washermanpet	M. Vedachalam	DMK	M. Mayandi Nadar	INC	7,242

See also

• Indian general election in Madras, 1967
• Elections in Tamil Nadu
• Legislature of Tamil Nadu
• Government of Tamil Nadu

References

1. Shankarlal C. Bhatt (2006). Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories: In 36 Volumes. Tamil Nadu. Gyan Publishing House. p. 525. ISBN 978-81-7835-381-4.
2. Hardgrave, Robert L. Jr. (Winter 1964–1965). "The DMK and the Politics of Tamil Nationalism". Pacific Affairs. Pacific Affairs, University of British Columbia. 37 (4): 410. JSTOR 2755132.
3. Chandra, Kanchan (15 February 2007). Why Ethnic Parties Succeed: Patronage and Ethnic Head Counts in India. Cambridge University Press. p. 276. ISBN 0-521-89141-8.
4. "The competitive politics of rice", The Hindu, 9 April 2009, retrieved 16 November 2009
5. "The politics of rice", The Hindu Business Line, 12 May 2006, retrieved 16 November 2009
6. The politics of Bioscope - Part 12, Thinnai.com (in Tamil)
7. Velayutham, Selvaraj (2001). Tamil cinema: the cultural politics of India's other film industry. New York: Routledge. p. 116. ISBN 0-415-39680-8.
8. In India the term "Contest" is used to denote participation in an election. The Representation of People Act of 1951, the legislation which governs elections in India uses the term and so does the Election Commission of India."FAQs - Contesting for Elections". Election Commission of India. Archived from the original on 5 October 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
9. "Periyar Movement". periyar.org. Archived from the original on 30 January 2007. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
10. "E.V. Ramaswami Naicker and C.N. Annadurai - Cho Ramaswamy, India Today". Archived from the original on 24 October 2008. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
11. "Ariyapadavendiya Anna, Kalachuvadu Magazine (in Tamil)". Archived from the original on 4 January 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2009.
12. "Annadurai's historic rise to fame", The Hindu, 15 September 2009, retrieved 16 November 2009
13. B. N. Pandey (1977). Leadership in South Asia. p. 434.
14. "How the Communists Fared", Economic and Political Weekly, 18 March 1989, JSTOR 4394522
15. Jayakanthan, D (2006). A Literary Man's Political Experiences. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House. p. 195. ISBN 978-1-4067-3569-7.
16. Selvaraj Velayudham (2008). Tamil cinema: the cultural politics of India's other film industry. Routledge. p. 73. ISBN 9780415396806.
17. The politics of Bioscope - Part 11, Thinnai.com (in Tamil)
18. The politics of Bioscope - Part 20, Thinnai.com (in Tamil)
19. "DETAILS OF TERMS OF SUCCESSIVE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLIES CONSTITUTED UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA". Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. Archived from the original on 3 March 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
20. Madras (1968). Madras State administration report.
21. 1967 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India accessed 19 April 2009
22. Karunakaran, Kotta P. (1975). Coalition governments in India: problems and prospects. Indian Institute of Advanced Study. p. 233.
23. Siddhartan, N. S. (17 June 1967). "Voting Pattern in the Fourth General Election. I: D M K Success in Madras". Economic and Political Weekly. Economic and Political Weekly. 2 (24): 1083–88. JSTOR 4358065.
24. Kandaswamy. P (2008). The political Career of K. Kamaraj. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 116–18. ASIN B00069WY4K.
25. Election rewind (in Tamil)
26. "The meeting that made Periyar blush". The Hindu. 15 September 2009.
27. Pushpa Iyengar, Sugata Srinivasaraju, "Where The Family Heirs Loom", Outlook India, retrieved 16 November 2009
28. Gopal K. Bharghava, Shankarlal C. Bhatt (2005). Land and people of Indian states and union territories. 25. Tamil Nadu. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications. p. 525. ISBN 81-7835-356-3.
29. India, a reference annual. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. 1968. p. 447.
30. India, a reference annual. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. 1967. p. 437.
31. Ross Barnett, Marguerite (1975). Electoral politics in the Indian states: party systems and cleavages. Manohar Book Service. p. 86.

External links

• 1967 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India