1923 Republic of China presidential election

The 1923 Republic of China Presidential Election was the election held on 5 October 1923 in Beijing for the third term of the President of the Republic of China. Zhili warlord Cao Kun won the election through bribery.

1923 Republic of China presidential election
5 October 1923
 
Nominee Cao Kun Sun Yat-sen
Party Zhili clique Kuomintang
Electoral vote 480 33
Percentage 81.36% 6.88%
President before election

Gao Lingwei (acting)
Nonpartisan

 Elected President

Cao Kun
Zhili clique

The capital was under control of the Zhili Clique after the Zhili–Anhui War. In 1922 the Zhili warlords Wu Peifu and Cao Kun restored the "old" parliament elected in 1912. Cao bribed the congressmen to elect him President, personally paying members 5,000 yuan each starting on the 1st of October. This was done in the name of payment of arrears, as members had not been paid regularly for some time. On October 3rd, Representative Shao Ruipeng of Zhejiang Province took photos of the checks given to members and reported it to the Beijing prosecutor's office.[1] On October 5th, Cao received a large majority of the votes cast. There were 12 spoiled ballots, such as one for bandit Sun Meiyao, who was responsible for the Lincheng Outrage. There was also a ballot cast for "5,000 yuan".[2]

The bribery scandal led to the collapse of Cao's presidency and dismissal of the parliament on 24 November 1924,[3] after the Cao's defeat in the Second Zhili–Fengtian War in 1924.

Vote summary

Presidential election
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
Zhili clique Cao Kun 480 81.36%
Kuomintang Sun Yat-sen 33 5.59%
Yunnan clique Tang Jiyao 20 3.39%
Kuomintang Cen Chunxuan 8 1.36%
Anhui clique Duan Qirui 7 1.19%
Zhili clique Wu Peifu 5 0.85%
Other 25 4.24%
Void Ballots 12 2.03%
Total 590 100.00%
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See also

Citations
  1. "杨天宏：曹锟"贿选"控告的法律证据研究-近代中国研究". 2014-11-29. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  2. "丁中江-->北洋軍閥史話-->二○七、曹錕賄選". www.millionbook.net. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  3. Gao, James Z. (2009). Historical Dictionary of Modern China (1800–1949). Scarecrow Press. p. 120.

References
  • 中央選舉委員會，中華民國選舉史，台北：中央選舉委員會印行，1987年
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