1904 Ayr Burghs by-election

The Ayr Burghs by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system. The constituency included the Ayrshire burghs of Ayr and Irvine and the Argyllshire burghs of Campbeltown, Inverary and Oban.

1904 Ayr Burghs by-election
29 January 1904
 
Candidate Dobbie Younger
Party Liberal Conservative
Popular vote 3,221 3,177
Percentage 50.3 49.7
MP before election

Charles Orr-Ewing
Conservative

 Subsequent MP

George Younger
Conservative

Vacancy

Charles Orr-Ewing had been Unionist MP for the seat of Ayr Burghs since the 1895 General Election. He died of heart failure on 24 December 1903 at the age of 43.

Electoral history

The seat had been Unionist since they gained it in 1895. They easily held the seat at the last election, with an increased majority:

General election January 1900[1]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Charles Orr-Ewing 3,101 55.3
Liberal Edmond Charles Browne 2,511 44.7
Turnout 82.3 -6.6
Majority 590 10.6
Conservative hold Swing

Candidates

The local Unionist Association selected 53-year-old George Younger as their candidate to defend the seat. He was educated at Edinburgh Academy. In 1897, he became chairman of George Younger and Son, the family brewing business.[2]

The local Liberal Association selected 42-year-old Joseph Dobbie as their candidate to gain the seat. He was educated at the Ayr Academy and the University of Edinburgh and was in favour of social reform.[2]

Campaign

Polling Day was fixed for the 29 January 1904, 36 days after the previous MP died.

The most prominent issue of the day was the campaign that leading Unionist, Joseph Chamberlain was running to get his government to introduce protectionist trade measures. His Tariff Reform League made a habit of taking their message to each by-election that occurred. However, the Unionist candidate, George Younger, was a committed supporter of Free Trade rather than Tariff Reform. The league nevertheless set up operations in the constituency to promote the issue which made the Unionist message in the campaign confusing. Younger, unhappy with their presence, got the Unionist Association Chairman to contact Unionist HQ in London to complain. As a result, the Tariff Reform League ceased campaigning and left the constituency.[3]

Result

The Liberals gained the seat from the Unionists:

Ayr Burghs by-election, 1904 [1]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Joseph Dobbie 3,221 50.3 +5.6
Conservative George Younger 3,177 49.7 -5.6
Turnout 88.4 +2.1
Majority 44 0.6 11.2
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +5.6

The Unionist supporting Spectator magazine concluded that "Whichever way we look at the election, it is impossible to dial cover any evidence of Scotland's conversion to Protection."[4]

Aftermath

At the following General Election the Unionists re-gained the seat. The result was:

General election January 1906[1]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative George Younger 3,766 51.8 +2.1
Liberal Joseph Dobbie 3,505 48.2 -2.1
Turnout 90.5 +2.1
Majority 261 3.6 4.2
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +2.1
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gollark: I do worry about the future of privacy given this sort of thing.
gollark: People would distrust most things if they mysteriously appeared out of nowhere/came from aliens.
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gollark: As well as the various other problems, I don't understand how they can actually use this sort of thing to prevent Sybil attack issues without a central authority saying "yes, this is an eye".

References
  1. British parliamentary election results 1885-1918 by Craig
  2. Who Was Who
  3. The Liberal Magazine (1905).
  4. The Spectator, 6 February 1904
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