1885 Navy Midshipmen football team

The 1885 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy in the 1885 college football season. The team was the fourth intercollegiate football squad to represent the United States Naval Academy, and marked the first time that the school played a multiple-game season. The squad was captained by halfback Cornelius Billings. The year began with a blowout victory over St. John's College, but was followed by close losses to Johns Hopkins University and the Princeton Tigers reserves squad. The season continued a seven-season, eight game rivalry between the Naval Academy and Johns Hopkins, and began a ten-game, seven-year rivalry with St. John's.

1885 Navy Midshipmen football
ConferenceIndependent
1885 record1–2
Head coachNone
CaptainCornelius Billings
Home stadiumWestern King Field

Prelude
The 1879 team was the Academy's first to play an outside team

According to Ellsworth P. Bertholf's biographer C. Douglas Kroll, the first evidence of a form of football at the United States Naval Academy came in 1857, but the school's cadets lost interest in the game shortly afterward.[1] The Naval Academy's first ever football team was fielded in 1879. The squad was entirely student-operated, receiving no official support from Naval Academy officials. The team was entirely funded by its members and their fellow students.[2][3] The 1879 team participated in just one game, which resulted in a scoreless tie. It was played against the Baltimore Athletic Club, apparently on the Academy superintendent's cow pasture.[3][4] Navy would not field a football team in 1880 or 1881, due to the lack of support from officials.[2][3] When football returned to the academy in 1882, the squad was led by player-coach Vaulx Carter, and won 8–0 in a match with Johns Hopkins, starting a seven-year rivalry between the schools.[5] The 1883 season resulted in Navy's first ever loss, a 2–0 defeat by Johns Hopkins.[6] Navy returned the favor the following year, defeating Hopkins in a close 9–6 game.[7]

Schedule
DateOpponentSiteResult
November ??St. John's (MD)
W 46–10
November 26Johns Hopkins
L 12–8
November 28Princeton reserve team
  • Unknown
  • Annapolis, MD
L 10–0

Season summary

The Naval Academy scheduled three games for the 1885 season, breaking from the tradition of playing only Johns Hopkins. According to Morris Allison Bealle, "Football at Annapolis had shed its swaddling clothes when the autumn of 1885 rolled around. Some of the faculty actually gave in and admitted that football might, at that, be or become an interesting diversion" so the squad was allowed to schedule three games.[7] The first was played against St. John's College, also located in Annapolis. The game kicked off a brief rivalry with St. John's, which would conclude in 1911 with Navy winning eighteen of twenty-one contests. The 1885 match was a 46–10 blowout victory over St. John's. The second game of the season was the annual Thanksgiving Day match against Johns Hopkins. After winning the previous year, Navy fell to Johns Hopkins 12–8.[7][8] The season concluded with the Naval Academy challenging the Princeton freshman team, a game which ended in a 10–0 shutout loss for Navy.[7]

Players

The 1885 Naval Academy team was made up of thirteen players at four different positions. The squad consisted of seven rushers, two fullback, three halfbacks, and a quarterback:[7]

Postseason and aftermath

The first postseason college football game would not be played until 1902, with the Pasadena Tournament of Roses' establishment of the east–west tournament game, later known as the Rose Bowl.[9] The Midshipmen would not participate in their first Rose Bowl until the 1923 season, when they went 5–1–2 and tied with the Washington Huskies 14–14 in the match.[10] As a result of the lack of a competition, there were no postseason games played after the 1885 season. According to statistics compiled by Billingsly, Houlgate, the National Championship Foundation, Parke Davis, and the Helms Athletic Foundation, Princeton was declared the 1885 season champion.[11]

The 1885 season brought Navy's overall win–loss record to an even 3–3–1. It also brought the Academy's record against Johns Hopkins to 2–2 tie. The season marked the first time a team for the Naval Academy would play a multiple-game season. In 1886, their schedule was expanded from three games to five, and continued to grow through subsequent years. It was the worst single-season record for the Academy until 1888, when they went 1–4. Navy would finish the 1880s with four winning seasons, and an overall record of 14–12–2. The school would outscore their opponents 292–231, and would finish the 19th century with an overall record of 54–19–3.[7][12]

gollark: ```python# parsita-based pseudocode syntax parserfrom stmt import *from parsita import *from parsita.util import constantdef compose(f, g): return lambda x: f(g(x))def map_expr(x): start, end = x if end == "": return start return Op([start, end[1]], end[0])def map_unop_expr(x): return Op(x[1], x[0])def aliases(name, aliases): p = lit(name) for alias in aliases: p |= (lit(alias) > (lambda _: name)) return pclass ExprParser(TextParsers): ε = lit("") IntLit = reg("\-?[0-9]+") > compose(IntLit, int) StrLit = "'" >> reg("[^']*") << "'" > StrLit # TODO escapes (not in "spec" but could be needed) FloatLit = reg("\-?[0-9]+\.[0-9]+") > compose(FloatLit, float) Identifier = reg("[a-zA-Z_]+[a-zA-Z_0-9]*") > Var BracketedExpr = "(" >> Expr << ")" UnaryOperator = lit("NOT") Start = FloatLit | StrLit | IntLit | BracketedExpr | (UnaryOperator & Expr > map_unop_expr) | Identifier # avoid left recursion problems by not doing left recursion # AQA pseudocode does not appear to have a notion of "operator precedence", simplifying parsing logic nicely BinaryOperator = aliases("≤", ["<="]) | aliases("≠", ["!="]) | aliases("≥", [">="]) | lit("DIV") | lit("MOD") | lit("AND") | lit("OR") | reg("[+/*\-=<>]") End = (BinaryOperator & Expr) | ε Expr = (Start & End) > map_exprparse = ExprParser.Expr.parsex = parse("1+2+3 != 6 AND NOT 4 AND x + y")if isinstance(x, Failure): print(x.message)else: print(x.value)```
gollark: <@332271551481118732> Expression parsing is done, I think.
gollark: I wonder if AQA pseudocode *does* have operator precedence. We may need to harvest exam papers.
gollark: This will allow 3% more efficient harnessing of character set anomalies.
gollark: The parser supports anomalous unicode, muahaha.

References
Footnotes
  1. Kroll (2002), p. 14
  2. United States Naval Academy staff (1879). "Navy's First Football Squad". The Team of 1879. United States Naval Academy. Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
  3. Patterson (2000), p. 21
  4. Kiland & Howren (2005), p. 191
  5. Staff (2013). "1880–1884 Yearly Results". Navy History–Yearly Results. College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on December 14, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
  6. Bealle (1951), p. 10
  7. Bealle (1951), p. 11
  8. Patterson (2000), p. 23
  9. Staff (2005). "Tournament of Roses History". Pasadena Tournament of Roses. Pasadena Tournament of Roses. Archived from the original on January 2, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  10. Eckersall, Walter (January 2, 1924). "Annual East–West Football Battle Ends In 14–14 Tie". The Detroit Free Press. p. 16. ISSN 1055-2758.
  11. "National Poll Champions". Football Bowl Subdivision Records (PDF) (Record book). 2009 NCAA Division I Football Records. National Collegiate Athletic Association. 2009. p. 78. Retrieved February 16, 2015.
  12. Naval Academy Athletic Association (2005). "Navy: Football History" (PDF). 2005 Navy Midshipmen Football Media Guide. United States Naval Academy Athletics. p. 154. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 24, 2012. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
Bibliography
  • Bealle, Morris Allson (1951). "1884". Gangway for Navy: The Story of Football At United States Naval Academy, 1879–1950. Washington, D.C.: Columbia Publishing Company. OCLC 1667386.
  • Kiland, Taylor Baldwin; Howren, Jamie (2007). A Walk in the Yard: A Self-Guided Tour of the U.S. Naval Academy. Annapolis, MD: United States Naval Institute. ISBN 1-59114-436-1. OCLC 72799100.
  • Kroll, C. Douglas (2002). "The Cadet Years". Commodore Ellsworth P. Bertholf: First Commandant of the Coast Guard. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-474-1.
  • Patterson, Ted (2000). Football in Baltimore: History and Memorabilia. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6424-0.
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