1743 Schmidt

1743 Schmidt, provisional designation 4109 P-L, is a dark background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 19 kilometers (12 miles) in diameter. It was discovered during the Palomar–Leiden survey on 24 September 1960, by astronomers Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California.[1] The C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 17.5 hours.[16] It was named for the optician Bernhard Schmidt.[2]

1743 Schmidt
Shape model of Schmidt from its lightcurve
Discovery [1]
Discovered byC. J. van Houten
I. van Houten-G.
T. Gehrels
Discovery sitePalomar Obs.
Discovery date24 September 1960
Designations
(1743) Schmidt
Named after
Bernhard Schmidt [2]
(German optician)
4109 P-L · 1931 BJ
1939 CN · 1943 EA
1947 GD · 1951 JU
1952 QD
main-belt [1][3] · (inner)
background [4][5]
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc87.76 yr (32,056 d)
Aphelion2.8066 AU
Perihelion2.1405 AU
2.4736 AU
Eccentricity0.1346
3.89 yr (1,421 d)
202.34°
0° 15m 11.88s / day
Inclination6.3568°
189.64°
359.51°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
17.00–17.01 km[6][7]
17.28±1.4 km[8]
18.230±6.626 km[9]
19.062±0.133 km[10]
19.338±0.105 km[11][12]
20.69±0.31 km[13]
20.78±0.43 km[14]
17.45 h[15]
0.042[13]
0.045[14]
0.0495[10]
0.0502[9]
0.057[11][12]
0.06[6][7]
0.0603[8]
C (SMASS-I)[4]
B–V = 0.620[3]
U–B = 0.260[3]
12.47[7]
12.48[1][3][6][8][9][10][11][13][14][15]

    Orbit and classification

    Schmidt is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[4][5] As it is located in the dynamical region of the Vesta family,[16] the asteroid is potentially a Vestian interloper due to its completely different spectral type. It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.1–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 11 months (1,421 days; semi-major axis of 2.47 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic.[3] The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as 1931 BJ at the Lowell Observatory in January 1931, more than 29 years prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar Observatory.[1]

    Palomar–Leiden survey

    The survey designation "P-L" stands for "Palomar–Leiden", named after the Palomar and Leiden Observatory, which collaborated on the fruitful Palomar–Leiden survey in the 1960s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio are credited with the discovery of several thousand asteroid discoveries.[17]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after Baltic German optician and astronomer Bernhard Schmidt (1879–1935), who invented the Schmidt camera, a telescope design with a spherical primary mirror and an aspherical correcting lens, providing a wide field of view with little optical aberrations.[2] Proposed by Paul Herget, the asteroid's official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 15 August 1970 (M.P.C. 3086).[18]

    Physical characteristics

    Schmidt is a common carbonaceous C-type asteroid as determined during the first phase of the Small Main-Belt Asteroid Spectroscopic Survey.[4]

    Rotation period and poles

    In September 1983, a rotational lightcurve of Schmidt was obtained from photometric observations by Richard Binzel. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 17.45 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.36 magnitude (U=3).[15] A modeled lightcurve using photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database was published in 2016. It gave a concurring period of 17.4599±0.0001 hours, as well as two spin axes at (69.0°, −62.0°) and (261.0°, −53.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).[19]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Schmidt measures between 17.00 and 20.78 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.042 and 0.0603.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0603 and a diameter of 17.28 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.48.[16]

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    References
    1. "1743 Schmidt (4109 P-L)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1743) Schmidt". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1743) Schmidt. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 138. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1744. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1743 Schmidt (4109 P-L)" (2018-10-22 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
    4. "Asteroid 1743 Schmidt". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
    5. "Asteroid (1743) Schmidt – Proper elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
    6. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117.
    7. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63.
    8. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
    9. Masiero, Joseph R.; Nugent, C.; Mainzer, A. K.; Wright, E. L.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; et al. (October 2017). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Three: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 154 (4): 10. arXiv:1708.09504. Bibcode:2017AJ....154..168M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa89ec.
    10. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. (catalog)
    11. Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR–A–COMPIL–5–NEOWISEDIAM–V1.0. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
    12. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    13. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8.
    14. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 7 December 2018. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    15. Binzel, R. P. (October 1987). "A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids". Icarus. 72 (1): 135–208. Bibcode:1987Icar...72..135B. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4. ISSN 0019-1035.
    16. "LCDB Data for (1743) Schmidt". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 7 December 2018.
    17. "Minor Planet Discoverers". Minor Planet Center. 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
    18. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2009). "Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 221. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4. ISBN 978-3-642-01964-7.
    19. Durech, J.; Hanus, J.; Oszkiewicz, D.; Vanco, R. (March 2016). "Asteroid models from the Lowell photometric database". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 587: 6. arXiv:1601.02909. Bibcode:2016A&A...587A..48D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527573.

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