1680 Per Brahe

1680 Per Brahe, provisional designation 1942 CH, is a bright background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 14 kilometers (9 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 12 February 1942, by Finnish astronomer Liisi Oterma at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland.[1] The stony S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 3.4 hours.[4] It is named after Swedish count and governor Per Brahe the Younger.[3]

1680 Per Brahe
Discovery [1][2]
Discovered byL. Oterma
Discovery siteTurku Obs.
Discovery date12 February 1942
Designations
(1680) Per Brahe
Named after
Per Brahe the Younger
(Count and Governor)[3]
1942 CH · 1934 PP
1937 AA · 1937 AY
1938 JA · 1943 PC
1949 XL · 1952 OG
1953 VD1 · 1960 FF
A902 JA
main-belt · (middle) [4]
background [5]
Orbital characteristics [2]
Epoch 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc117.28 yr (42,838 d)
Aphelion3.2227 AU
Perihelion2.2278 AU
2.7252 AU
Eccentricity0.1825
4.50 yr (1,643 d)
349.62°
0° 13m 8.76s / day
Inclination4.2614°
83.344°
158.68°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
13.960±0.125 km[6]
14.20±0.8 km[7]
14.848±0.130 km[8]
15.45±1.32 km[9]
18.29±0.70 km[10]
3.426±0.002 h[11]
3.428±0.002 h[4]
0.178±0.015[10]
0.2722±0.0223[8]
0.2903±0.038[7]
0.300±0.044[6]
0.407±0.294[9]
SMASS = S [2][4]
10.65[9]
11.1[1][2][4]
11.2[7][8][10]

    Orbit and classification

    The S-type asteroid is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population.[5] It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.2–3.2 AU once every 4 years and 6 months (1,643 days; semi-major axis of 2.73 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic.[2] Per Brahe was first identified as A902 JA at Heidelberg Observatory in 1902, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 40 years prior to its official discovery observation.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named for Swedish count Per Brahe (1602–1680), who was Governor General of Finland in the 17th century. His prosperous legacy saw the establishment of Academia Aboensis, the first university in Finland, the construction of various new towns and many schools, and the publication of the first Finnish Bible.[3] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 April 1980 (M.P.C. 5280).[12]

    Physical characteristics

    Lightcurve

    In December 2012, two rotational lightcurves of Per Brahe were obtained by American astronomers Robert Stephens and Brian Warner. They gave a well-defined rotation period of 3.426 and 3.428 hours with a brightness variation of 0.13 and 0.017 magnitude, respectively (U=3/3).[4][11] Previously, lightcurves obtained by Laurent Bernasconi and René Roy in 2005 and 2006, gave a similar period of 3.444 and 3.44 hours, respectively.(U=2/1+).[13]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Per Brahe measures between 13.96 and 18.29 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.178 and 0.300.[6][7][8][9][10] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives a higher albedo of 0.341 and a diameter of 14.36 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.0.[4]

    gollark: Bee you.
    gollark: ++delete <@738361430763372703> <@!341618941317349376> <@!83556723851264000>
    gollark: Pointers SHOULD NOT be arrays because ARRAYS have LENGTH.
    gollark: GTech™ uses -0.4-based indexing.
    gollark: <@773607594753261609> Are you in gnobody's coworker's hair?

    References
    1. "1680 Per Brahe (1942 CH)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
    2. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1680 Per Brahe (1942 CH)" (2019-08-20 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1680) per Brahe". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1680) Per Brahe. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 133. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1681. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "LCDB Data for (1680) Per Brahe". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 23 December 2016.
    5. "Asteroid 1680 Per Brahe – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    7. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T.
    8. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    9. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8.
    10. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    11. Stephens, Robert D.; Warner, Brian D. (April 2013). "Lightcurves for 110 Lydia and 1680 Per Brahe". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 40 (2): 93–94. Bibcode:2013MPBu...40...93S. ISSN 1052-8091.
    12. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
    13. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1680) Per Brahe". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 23 December 2016.

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