156 Xanthippe

Xanthippe (minor planet designation: 156 Xanthippe) is a dark background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 120 kilometers (75 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 22 November 1875, by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Austrian Naval Observatory, in what is now Croatia.[1] It is named after Xanthippe, the wife of the Greek philosopher Socrates.[4]

156 Xanthippe
Discovery [1]
Discovered byJ. Palisa
Discovery siteAustrian Naval Obs.
Discovery date22 November 1875
Designations
(156) Xanthippe[2]
Pronunciation/zænˈθɪpiː/[3]
Named after
Xanthippe
(wife of Socrates)[4]
1936 FG1 · 1942 RP
1949 BN · A901 SA
A902 VA
main-belt [1][5] · (middle)
background [6]
Orbital characteristics [5]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc116.46 yr (42,537 d)
Aphelion3.3475 AU
Perihelion2.1069 AU
2.7272 AU
Eccentricity0.2274
4.50 yr (1,645 d)
34.237°
0° 13m 7.68s / day
Inclination9.7818°
241.83°
338.29°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
110.409 km[7][8]
110.718±2.187 km[9]
115.49±1.74 km[10]
116.34±4.14 km[11]
120.99±2.5 km[12]
121.68±41.10 km[13]
122.02±31.66 km[14]
143.346±0.903 km[15]
143.35±0.90 km[15]
Mass(6.49±3.71)×1018 kg[11]
Mean density
7.86±4.57 g/cm3[11]
22 h[16]
22.104±0.006 h[16]
22.37±0.01 h[17]
22.5 h[18]
0.030±0.004[15]
0.03±0.03[14]
0.04±0.03[13]
0.0422±0.002[12]
0.047±0.002[10]
0.0504±0.0120[9]
0.0687[7]
Tholen = C [5]
SMASS = Ch [5][8]
B–V = 0.713[5]
U–B = 0.315[5]
8.31[8]
8.31±0.09[7][17]
8.64[5][9][10][12][14][15]
8.65[13]
8.83±0.30[19]

    Orbit and classification

    Xanthippe is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[6] It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.1–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 6 months (1,645 days; semi-major axis of 2.73 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.23 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic.[5]

    Physical characteristics

    Photometric observations of this asteroid at the European Southern Observatory in La Silla, Chile during 1981 gave a light curve with a period of 22.5 hours.[18] Based upon its spectrum this is classified as a hydrated C-type asteroid (Ch-subtype) in the SMASS classification, indicating that it likely has a carbonaceous composition.[5][6]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Xanthippe measures between 110.409 and 143.35 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.030 and 0.0687.[7][9][10][12][13][14][15]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named for Xanthippe, the wife of the Greek philosopher Socrates (c. 470–399 BC), after whom asteroid 5450 Sokrates was named. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 20).[4]

    gollark: But instead they're actually quite powerful things which run applications written in some weird Java dialect?!
    gollark: Which could all be done in Software.
    gollark: As far as I can see, all a "SIM card" really needs is some sort of network-ID information, and then an asymmetric keypair to verify itself to a network and act as a user ID.
    gollark: I mean, the old model of SIM cards doing a lot made sense in the worse old days when phones were underpowered, but now?
    gollark: ... whyyyyyy

    References
    1. "156 Xanthippe". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
    2. "Xantippe". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
    3. Benjamin Smith (1903) The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
    4. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(156) Xanthippe". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (156) Xanthippe. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 29. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_157. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    5. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 156 Xanthippe" (2018-03-06 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
    6. "Asteroid 156 Xanthippe". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
    7. Pravec, Petr; Harris, Alan W.; Kusnirák, Peter; Galád, Adrián; Hornoch, Kamil (September 2012). "Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations". Icarus. 221 (1): 365–387. Bibcode:2012Icar..221..365P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026.
    8. "LCDB Data for (156) Xanthippe". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 29 May 2018.
    9. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. (catalog)
    10. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    11. Carry, B. (December 2012), "Density of asteroids", Planetary and Space Science, 73 (1): 98–118, arXiv:1203.4336, Bibcode:2012P&SS...73...98C, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009 See Table 1.
    12. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    13. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63.
    14. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117.
    15. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8.
    16. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (156) Xanthippe". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
    17. Harris, A. W.; Young, J. W. (October 1989). "Asteroid lightcurve observations from 1979-1981". Icarus. 81 (2): 314–364. Bibcode:1989Icar...81..314H. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(89)90056-0. ISSN 0019-1035.
    18. Debehogne, H.; de Sanctis, G.; Zappala, V. (April 1982). "Photoelectric photometry of three dark asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 108 (1): 197–200. Bibcode:1982A&A...108..197D.
    19. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007.

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