148 Gallia

Gallia (minor planet designation: 148 Gallia) is an asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 90 kilometers (56 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 7 August 1875, by the French brothers Paul Henry and Prosper Henry at the Paris, but the credit for this discovery was given to Prosper.[1] It was named after the Latin name for the country of France, Gaul.[3] Based upon its spectrum, it is an unusual G-type asteroid (GU) and a stony S-type asteroid in the Tholen and SMASS classification, respectively.[4][18]

148 Gallia
Discovery [1]
Discovered byP. M. Henry
Discovery siteParis
Discovery date7 August 1875
Designations
(148) Gallia
Pronunciation/ˈɡæliə/[2]
Named after
Γαλλία Gallia (Gaul) [3]
(Latin name for France)
main-belt [1][4] · (middle)
Gallia [5]
Orbital characteristics [4]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc138.37 yr (50,540 d)
Aphelion3.2885 AU
Perihelion2.2531 AU
2.7708 AU
Eccentricity0.1868
4.61 yr (1,685 d)
278.58°
0° 12m 49.32s / day
Inclination25.291°
145.01°
252.79°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
80.87±1.04 km[6]
83.45±5.07 km[7]
85.91±23.39 km[8]
97.75±3.7 km[9]
98.09 km (derived)[10]
Mass(4.89±1.67)×1018 kg[7]
Mean density
16.06±6.22 g/cm3[7]
20.6592±0.0007 h[11]
20.66±0.01 h[11]
20.664 h[12]
20.665266 h[lower-alpha 1]
20.666±0.002 h[13][lower-alpha 2]
0.1640±0.013[9]
0.2013 (derived)[10]
0.21±0.12[8]
0.240±0.008[6]
Tholen = GU [4]
SMASS = S [4][10]
B–V = 0.858[4]
U–B = 0.423[4]
6.97±0.84[14]
7.4[10]
7.4±0.1[15][16]
7.63[4][6][9]
7.67[8]
7.72±0.10[17]

    Photometric observations of this asteroid at the European Southern Observatory in 1977–78 gave a light curve with a period of 0.86098 ± 0.00030 days (20.6635 ± 0.0072 h) and a brightness variation of 0.32 in magnitude.[12] A 2007 study at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado, United States, yielded a period of 20.666 ± 0.002 hours with a magnitude variation of 0.21.[13][lower-alpha 2]

    This object is the namesake of the Gallia family (802), a small family of nearly 200 known stony asteroids that share similar spectral properties and orbital elements.[19] Hence they may have arisen from the same collisional event. All members have a relatively high orbital inclination.[20]

    Notes
    1. Warner (2011) web: modeled lightcurve gave a rotation period 20.665266 hours. Summary figures for (148) Gallia at the LCDB
    2. Lightcurve plot of 148 Gallia, Palmer Divide Observatory, B. D. Warner (2007): rotation period 20.666±0.002 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.21±0.02 mag. Quality code of 2+. Summary figures at the LCDB
    gollark: SPUDNET, which has more active evolution and also possibly asynchronous commands, does have a command ID option in its v4 protocol, which could be backported to skynetv3 or something.
    gollark: Fair.
    gollark: Websocket does guarantee ordering I believe, it runs over TCP.
    gollark: It might be worth adding a limited multiserver thing though.
    gollark: Well, the meta fields are dubiously useful I guess, error reporting is useful if your implementation breaks, and the wildcard channel is designed to reduce required trust via giving everyone snooping powers equivalent to that of the person running the skynet server.

    References
    1. "148 Gallia". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
    2. Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(148) Gallia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (148) Gallia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 29. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_149. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 148 Gallia" (2017-10-28 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
    5. "Asteroid 148 Gallia". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
    6. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    7. Carry, B. (December 2012), "Density of asteroids", Planetary and Space Science, 73 (1): 98–118, arXiv:1203.4336, Bibcode:2012P&SS...73...98C, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009 See Table 1.
    8. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63.
    9. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    10. "LCDB Data for (148) Gallia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 18 April 2018.
    11. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (148) Gallia". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
    12. Surdej, A.; Surdej, J. (September 1979). "Photoelectric lightcurves and rotation period of the minor planet 148 Gallia". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 37: 471–474. Bibcode:1979A&AS...37..471S. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
    13. Warner, Brian D. (December 2007). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - March–May 2007". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 34 (4): 104–107. Bibcode:2007MPBu...34..104W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
    14. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007.
    15. Harris, A. W.; Young, J. W.; Dockweiler, Thor; Gibson, J.; Poutanen, M.; Bowell, E. (January 1992). "Asteroid lightcurve observations from 1981". Icarus. 95 (1): 115–147.ResearchsupportedbyLowellObservatoryEndowmentandNASA. Bibcode:1992Icar...95..115H. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(92)90195-D. ISSN 0019-1035. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
    16. Pravec, Petr; Harris, Alan W.; Kusnirák, Peter; Galád, Adrián; Hornoch, Kamil (September 2012). "Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations". Icarus. 221 (1): 365–387. Bibcode:2012Icar..221..365P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
    17. Warner, Brian D. (December 2007). "Initial Results of a Dedicated H-G Project". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 34 (4): 113–119. Bibcode:2007MPBu...34..113W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
    18. Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S 3OS 2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids". Icarus. 172 (1): 179–220. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..179L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
    19. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families. Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.
    20. Novakovic, Bojan; Cellino, Alberto; Knezevic, Zoran (November 2011). "Families among high-inclination asteroids". Icarus. 216 (1): 69–81. arXiv:1108.3740. Bibcode:2011Icar..216...69N. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.08.016.
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