1318 Nerina

1318 Nerina (/nɪˈraɪnɑː/), provisional designation 1934 FG, is a Phocaea asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers (8 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 24 March 1934, by South African astronomer Cyril Jackson at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg.[1] The possibly metallic X-type asteroid has a notably short rotation period of 2.5 hours.[12] It was named for the flowering plant Nerine, also known as "Guernsey lily" or "Jersey lily".[2]

1318 Nerina
Discovery [1]
Discovered byC. Jackson
Discovery siteJohannesburg Obs.
Discovery date24 March 1934
Designations
(1318) Nerina
Pronunciation/nɪˈraɪnɑː/
Named after
Nerine [2]
(flowering plant)
1934 FG · 1955 FA
main-belt · (inner)
Phocaea [3][4]
Orbital characteristics [5]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc84.16 yr (30,740 d)
Aphelion2.7778 AU
Perihelion1.8368 AU
2.3073 AU
Eccentricity0.2039
3.50 yr (1,280 d)
346.11°
0° 16m 52.32s / day
Inclination24.663°
358.33°
196.24°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
10.68±0.72 km[6]
13.02±0.6 km[7]
13.272±0.213 km[8][9]
2.5280±0.0005 h[10]
0.176±0.023[8][9]
0.1811[7]
0.269[6]
M [11] · S (assumed)[12]
X (S3OS2-TH)[13]
Xe (S3OS2-BB)[13]
11.90[6][7][8][11]
12.20[1][5][12][14]

    Orbit and classification

    Nerina is a core member of the stony Phocaea family (701),[3][4] an asteroid family with nearly two thousand members, named after its largest member, 25 Phocaea.[15]:23 It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 6 months (1,280 days; semi-major axis of 2.31 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 25° with respect to the ecliptic.[5] The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Johannesburg in March 1934.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the bulbous herb Nerine, native to South Africa (it is also known as Guernsey lily, spider lily or Jersey lily) a genus of flowering plants within the family Amaryllidaceae. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 120).[2] Several asteroids were named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).

    Physical characteristics

    Derived from the Phocaea family's overall spectral type, Nerina is an assumed S-type asteroid,[12][15]:23 while the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) characterized it as a metallic M-type asteroid.[11] In the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), however, Nerina is an X- and Xe-subtype that transitions to the bright E-type asteroids, respectively.[3][13]

    Rotation period

    A large number of rotational lightcurves of Nerina have been obtained from photometric observations since 2004.[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] The best-rated lightcurve by Robert Stephens at the Santana Observatory (646) gave a rotation period of 2.5280±0.0005 hours and a consolidated brightness amplitude between 0.06 and 0.32 magnitude (U=3).[10][12] Notably for an asteroid of its size, Nerina is a near-fast rotator, which have periods below of 2.2 hours and are typically much smaller bodies (see List of fast rotators).

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Nerina measures between 7.87 and 13.379 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1721 and 0.376.[6][7][8][9][11][14] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1397 and a diameter of 12.91 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.2.[12]

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    References
    1. "1318 Nerina (1934 FG)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1318) Nerina". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1318) Nerina. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 108. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1319. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "Asteroid 1318 Nerina". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
    4. "Asteroid (1318) Nerina – Proper elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
    5. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1318 Nerina (1934 FG)" (2018-05-22 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
    6. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 31 July 2018. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    7. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
    8. Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-COMPIL-5-NEOWISEDIAM-V1.0. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
    9. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    10. Stephens, Robert D. (July 2011). "Asteroids Observed from GMARS and Santana Observatories: 2011 January-March". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (3): 165–166. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38..165S. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
    11. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    12. "LCDB Data for (1318) Nerina". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 21 December 2017.
    13. Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids" (PDF). Icarus. 172 (1): 179–220. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..179L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
    14. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
    15. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families. Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.
    16. Durkee, Russell I. (July 2011). "Asteroids Observed from the Shed of Science Observatory 2010 October - 2011 April". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (3): 167–168. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38..167D. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
    17. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1318) Nerina". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
    18. Clark, Maurice (October 2011). "Asteroid Lightcurves from the Preston Gott and McDonald Observatories". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (4): 187–189. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38..187C. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
    19. Franco, Lorenzo; Marchini, Alessandro; Baj, Giorgio; Scarfi, Giulio; Casalnuovo, Giovanni Battista; Luna, Valter; et al. (July 2018). "Lightcurves for 1318 Nerina, 1342 Brabantia, 1981 Midas, and 3951 Zichichi". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 45 (3): 273–275. Bibcode:2018MPBu...45..273F. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
    20. Aymami, Josep Maria (July 2011). "CCD Photometry and Lightcurve Analysis of 1318 Nerina, 4175 Billbaum and 5168 Jenner from Observatori Carmelita (MPC B20) in Tiana". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (3): 158–159. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38..158A. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
    21. Strabla, Luca; Quadri, Ulisse; Girelli, Roberto (July 2011). "Minor Planet Lightcurve Analysis at Bassano Bresciano Observatory: 2010 October - 2011 March". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (3): 169–172. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38..169S. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
    22. Fauvaud, Stephane; Fauvaud, Marcel (October 2013). "Photometry of Minor Planets. I. Rotation Periods from Lightcurve Analysis for Seven Main-belt Asteroids". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 40 (4): 224–229. Bibcode:2013MPBu...40..224F. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
    23. Clark, Maurice (March 2007). "Lightcurve Results for 1318 Nerina, 222 Lermontov 3015 Candy, 3089 Oujianquan, 3155 Lee, 6410 Fujiwara, 6500 Kodaira, (8290) 1992 NP, 9566 Rykhlova, (42923) 1999 SR18, and 2001 FY". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 34 (1): 19–22. Bibcode:2007MPBu...34...19C. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 21 December 2017.

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