1267 Geertruida

1267 Geertruida, provisional designation 1930 HD, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by astronomer Hendrik van Gent at Johannesburg Observatory in 1930, the asteroid was later named after Geertruid Pels, sister of Dutch astronomer Gerrit Pels.[2][15]

1267 Geertruida
Discovery [1]
Discovered byH. van Gent
Discovery siteJohannesburg Obs.
Discovery date23 April 1930
Designations
(1267) Geertruida
Named after
Geertruid Hamerslag Pels [2]
(Sister of astronomer Gerrit Pels)
1930 HD · 1926 GV
1927 SH · 1930 LA
1954 TM1 · 1965 HB
1965 JE
main-belt · (inner) [3]
background [4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc91.55 yr (33,440 days)
Aphelion2.9116 AU
Perihelion2.0260 AU
2.4688 AU
Eccentricity0.1794
3.88 yr (1,417 days)
136.63°
0° 15m 14.76s / day
Inclination4.7825°
24.390°
268.19°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions15.621±4.700 km[5]
16.92±5.04 km[6]
17.16±0.30 km[7]
18.91±0.25 km[8]
20.92±0.60 km[9]
23.108±0.154 km[10]
23.41±1.4 km[11]
23.43 km (derived)[3]
23.572±0.153 km[12]
5.50 h[13]
5.5087±0.0007 h[14]
0.030±0.002[12]
0.0466±0.006[11]
0.0479±0.0062[10]
0.0510 (derived)[3]
0.060±0.004[9]
0.06±0.01[8]
0.0706±0.0488[5]
0.09±0.07[6]
0.095±0.014[7]
C (assumed)[3]
12.00[3][7] · 12.10[1][5][6][9][10][11] · 12.17[8]

    Discovery

    Geertruida was discovered on 23 April 1930, by Dutch astronomer Hendrik van Gent at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, South Africa.[15] Five nights later, it was independently discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory on 28 April 1930.[2] The Minor Planet Center only recognizes the first discoverer.[15] The asteroid was previously identified as 1926 GV at Heidelberg Observatory in April 1926.[15]

    Orbit and classification

    Geertruida is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[4] It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.0–2.9 AU once every 3 years and 11 months (1,417 days; semi-major axis of 2.47 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Johannesburg in April 1930.[15]

    Physical characteristics

    Geertruida is an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid, which agrees with its measured albedo (see below).[3]

    Rotation period

    In 1977, a rotational lightcurve of Geertruida was obtained from photometric observations by Swedish astronomer Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist at the Uppsala Southern Station in Australia. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 5.50 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.5 magnitude (U=2).[13] In October 2016, a refined period of 5.5087 hours with an amplitude of 0.35 magnitude (U=3) was obtained at the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory (E09).[14]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Geertruida measures between 15.621 and 23.572 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.030 and 0.095.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0510, typical for that of a carbonaceous asteroid, and a diameter of 23.43 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.0.[3]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named by Dutch astronomer Gerrit Pels after his sister Geertruid (or Geertruida) Hamerslag Pels. Gerrit Pels, who was an assistant astronomer at Leiden Observatory, computed the body's orbit. The minor planet 1667 Pels was named in his honor. The author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Lutz Schmadel learned about the meaning of this asteroid from Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld, who was a long-time astronomer at Leiden Observatory.[2]

    gollark: Isn't that 4, not 2?
    gollark: You can buy 128GB ones now, they're very cheap (and probably fail after you write a few terabytes but OH WELL).
    gollark: Can you not use a μSD card?
    gollark: This is not* going to be an issue later, I'm sure.
    gollark: 230GB of my laptop's 512GB disk is in use, because I have many `node_modules`es, Rust projects, large games, giant toolchains (CUDA), big pretrained neural networks, a full backup of my old laptop, and several thousand memes.

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1267 Geertruida (1930 HD)" (2017-11-02 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1267) Geertruida". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1267) Geertruida. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 105. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1268. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (1267) Geertruida". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 14 November 2017.
    4. "Asteroid 1267 Geertruida – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
    5. Masiero, Joseph R.; Nugent, C.; Mainzer, A. K.; Wright, E. L.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; et al. (October 2017). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Three: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 154 (4): 10. arXiv:1708.09504. Bibcode:2017AJ....154..168M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa89ec. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
    6. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
    7. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
    8. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
    9. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    10. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    11. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    12. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv:1109.4096. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
    13. Lagerkvist, C. I. (April 1979). "A lightcurve survey of asteroids with Schmidt telescopes - Observations of nine asteroids during oppositions in 1977". Icarus. 38 (1): 106–114. Bibcode:1979Icar...38..106L. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(79)90090-3. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
    14. Linville, Dylan; Jiang, Hao; Michalik, Danielle; Wilson, Sydney; Ditteon, Richard (July 2017). "Lightcurve Analysis of Asteroids Observed at the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory: 2016 July - October". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 44 (3): 173–176. Bibcode:2017MPBu...44..173L. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
    15. "1267 Geertruida (1930 HD)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 14 November 2017.

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