1243 Pamela

1243 Pamela, provisional designation 1932 JE, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 70 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 May 1932, by South African astronomer Cyril Jackson at the Union Observatory in Johnannesburg.[16] The asteroid was named for Pamela Jackson, daughter of the discoverer.[2]

1243 Pamela
Discovery [1]
Discovered byC. Jackson
Discovery siteJohannesburg Obs.
Discovery date7 May 1932
Designations
(1243) Pamela
Named after
Pamela Jackson [2]
(discoverer's daughter)
1932 JE · 1929 XD
1934 VL · 1951 AN
1954 JO
main-belt · (outer) [3]
background [4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc85.66 yr (31,287 days)
Aphelion3.2409 AU
Perihelion2.9512 AU
3.0960 AU
Eccentricity0.0468
5.45 yr (1,990 days)
165.56°
0° 10m 51.24s / day
Inclination13.286°
245.68°
56.586°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions66.11±23.05 km[5]
69.883±0.420 km[6]
69.991±1.389 km[7]
70.06 km (derived)[3]
70.07±5.9 km[8]
70.25±1.00 km[9]
70.97±20.63 km[10]
76.42±0.67 km[11]
26.00±0.01 h[12]
26.0±0.1 h[13]
26±0.5 h[13]
26.017±0.003 h[14][lower-alpha 1]
0.040±0.005[11]
0.04±0.02[10]
0.04±0.06[5]
0.0474 (derived)[3]
0.048±0.002[9]
0.0483±0.009[8]
0.0484±0.0102[7]
C [15] · C (assumed)[3]
9.60[10] · 9.68[7][8][9] · 9.70[1][3][11] · 9.71[5] · 9.90±0.29[15]

    Orbit and classification

    Pamela is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[4] It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 3.0–3.2 AU once every 5 years and 5 months (1,990 days; semi-major axis of 3.10 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.05 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

    The asteroid was first observed at Lowell Observatory in November 1929. The body's observation arc begins at Johannesburg in April 1932, or one month prior to its official discovery observation.[16]

    Physical characteristics

    Pamela has been characterized as a carbonaceous C-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey.[15]

    Rotation period

    In October 1999, a first rotational lightcurve of Pamela was obtained from photometric observations by Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado, United States. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 26.017 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.49 magnitude (U=2).[14][lower-alpha 1] Other lightcurves were taken by the Spanish amateur group OBAS in 2015 (U=2),[12] as well as by René Roy and Stéphane Charbonnel in France, and Roberto Crippa and Federico Manzini at Sozzago Astronomical Station (A12) in Piedmont, Italy, between 2005 and 2010 (U=2/1/2/2-).[13]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Pamela measures between 66.11 and 76.42 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.040 and 0.0484.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0474 and a diameter of 70.06 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.7.[3]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after Cyril Jackson's daughter, Pamela Jackson. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 114).[2]

    Notes
    1. Lightcurve plot of 1243 Pamela, Palmer Divide Observatory, B. D. Warner (1999). Rotation period 26.017±0.003 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.49±0.03 mag. Summary figures at the LCDB.
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    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1243 Pamela (1932 JE)" (2017-12-01 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). "(1243) Pamela". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1243) Pamela. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 103. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1244. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (1243) Pamela". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 4 January 2018.
    4. "Asteroid 1243 Pamela – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
    5. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    7. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    8. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    9. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    10. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
    11. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
    12. Garceran, Alfonso Carreno; Aznar, Amadeo; Mansego, Enrique Arce; Rodriguez, Pedro Brines; de Haro, Juan Lozano; Silva, Alvaro Fornas; et al. (January 2016). "Nineteen Asteroids Lightcurves at Asteroids Observers (OBAS) - MPPD: 2015 April – September". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (1): 92–97. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43...92G. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
    13. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1243) Pamela". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
    14. Warner, B. (March 2000). "Asteroid Photometry at the Palmer Divide Observatory". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 27: 4–6. Bibcode:2000MPBu...27....4W. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
    15. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
    16. "1243 Pamela (1932 JE)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 4 January 2018.

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