1166 Sakuntala

1166 Sakuntala, provisional designation 1930 MA, is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 26 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Praskovjya Parchomenko at Simeiz Observatory in 1930, the asteroid was named after the figure of Shakuntala from an ancient Indian drama.[2]

1166 Sakuntala
Discovery [1]
Discovered byP. Parchomenko
Discovery siteSimeiz Obs.
Discovery date27 June 1930
Designations
(1166) Sakuntala
Named after
Shakuntala
(Sanskrit drama)[2]
1930 MA · 1962 KA
main-belt · (inner) [3]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc86.75 yr (31,685 days)
Aphelion3.0650 AU
Perihelion2.0044 AU
2.5347 AU
Eccentricity0.2092
4.04 yr (1,474 days)
177.36°
0° 14m 39.12s / day
Inclination18.924°
106.69°
189.92°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions22.70±5.56 km[4]
25.78 km (derived)[3]
26.011±0.181 km[5]
26.32±0.39 km[6]
28.74±0.9 km[7]
29.249±0.130 km[8]
6.29±0.01 h[9]
6.2915±0.0002 h[10]
6.30±0.02 h[11]
20 h[12]
0.185±0.006[6]
0.22±0.11[4]
0.2270±0.0315[8]
0.286±0.047[5]
0.2914 (derived)[3]
0.6460±0.040[7]
S [3][13]
8.80[7] · 9.9[3][8][14] · 10.40[1][6] · 10.56[4]

    Discovery

    Sakuntala was discovered by Soviet astronomer Praskovjya Parchomenko at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula on 27 June 1930. Two night later, it was independently discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory.[15] The body's observation arc begins at Uccle Observatory in May 1938, or 8 years after its official discovery observation at Simeiz.[15]

    Orbit and classification

    The asteroid is a background asteroid, that is not a member of any known asteroid family. Sakuntala orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.0–3.1 AU once every 4.04 years (1,474 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 19° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

    Physical characteristics

    Sakuntala has been characterized as a stony S-type asteroid.[3][13]

    Rotation period

    Several rotational lightcurves of Sakuntala were obtained from photometric observations. Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve gave a rotation period of 6.29 hours with a brightness variation of 0.38 magnitude (U=3).[9]

    Other measurements gave a similar period of 6.2915 and 6.30 hours, respectively (U=3-/2),[10][11] while lightcurves with a period of larger than 20 hours are considered to be wrong (U=1/1/1).[12]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Sakuntala measures between 22.70 and 29.249 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.185 and 0.6460.[4][5][6][7][8]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.2914 and a diameter of 25.78 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.9.[3]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the protagonist Shakuntala in the Sanskrit drama The Recognition of Shakuntala by Indian poet Kālidāsa. The drama is part of the Mahabharata, one of the major Sanskrit epics of ancient India.

    The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 108).[2]

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    gollark: Each pair of "cores" shares a bunch of resources, so it isn't really as fast as an actual "core" in other designs, and I think their IPC was quite bad too, so the moderately high clocks didn't do very much except burn power.
    gollark: See, while the FX-4100 is allegedly a fairly high-clocked quad-core, this is misleading. AMD's Bulldozer architecture used "clustered multithreading", instead of the "simultaneous multithreading" on modern architectures and also Intel's ones at the time.
    gollark: (as this is based on a tower server and not a rack one, you might not even have ridiculously noisy fans in it!)
    gollark: Anyway, I don't think this computer is worth £300, inasmuch as you could buy an old server with a Sandy Bridge era CPU for let's say £120, buy and install an equivalent GPU (if compatible, you might admittedly have some issues with power supply pinout) for £100 or so, possibly upgrade the RAM and disks for £50, and outperform that computer with £30 left over.

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1166 Sakuntala (1930 MA)" (2017-03-29 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1166) Sakuntala". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1166) Sakuntala. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 98. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1167. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (1166) Sakuntala". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 6 September 2017.
    4. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63.
    5. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    6. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    7. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    8. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    9. Garceran, Alfonso Carreno; Aznar, Amadeo; Mansego, Enrique Arce; Rodriguez, Pedro Brines; de Haro, Juan Lozano; Silva, Alvaro Fornas; et al. (January 2016). "Nineteen Asteroids Lightcurves at Asteroids Observers (OBAS) - MPPD: 2015 April - September". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (1): 92–97. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43...92G. ISSN 1052-8091.
    10. Brincat, Stephen M. (July 2016). "Rotation Period Determinations for 1166 Sakuntala and 3958 Komendantov". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (3): 200–201. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43..200B. ISSN 1052-8091.
    11. Malcolm, G. (December 2001). "Rotational Periods and Lightcurves of 1166 Sakuntala and 1568 Aisleen". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 28: 64. Bibcode:2001MPBu...28...64M.
    12. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1166) Sakuntala". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
    13. Belskaya, I. N.; Fornasier, S.; Tozzi, G. P.; Gil-Hutton, R.; Cellino, A.; Antonyuk, K.; et al. (March 2017). "Refining the asteroid taxonomy by polarimetric observations". Icarus. 284: 30–42. Bibcode:2017Icar..284...30B. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.003.
    14. Faure, Gerard; Garret, Lawrence (December 2007). "Suggested Revised H Values of Selected Asteroids: Report Number 3". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 34 (4): 95–99. Bibcode:2007MPBu...34...95F. ISSN 1052-8091.
    15. "1166 Sakuntala (1930 MA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 6 September 2017.

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