1149 Volga

1149 Volga, provisional designation 1929 PF, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 55 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 1 August 1929, by Soviet astronomer Evgenij Skvorcov (a.k.a. Skvortsov) at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula.[13] The asteroid was named after the Volga River.[2]

1149 Volga
Discovery [1]
Discovered byE. Skvortsov
Discovery siteSimeiz Obs.
Discovery date1 August 1929
Designations
(1149) Volga
Named after
Volga River [2]
(Russian river)
1929 PF
main-belt · (outer) [3]
background [4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc87.92 yr (32,114 days)
Aphelion3.1733 AU
Perihelion2.6228 AU
2.8981 AU
Eccentricity0.0950
4.93 yr (1,802 days)
258.64°
0° 11m 59.28s / day
Inclination11.750°
261.44°
116.40°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions48.50±13.27 km[5]
52.377±0.365 km[6]
53.86±18.96 km[7]
55.57±1.8 km[3][8]
56.020±1.123 km[9]
57.67±0.77 km[10]
27.5 h[11]
0.03±0.02[7]
0.032±0.001[10]
0.0333±0.0027[9]
0.0338±0.002[3][8]
0.038±0.006[6]
0.04±0.02[5]
P [9] · C [3][12]
B–V = 0.690[1]
U–B = 0.250[1]
10.44±0.44[12] · 10.57[1][3][5][8][9][10][11] · 10.69[7]

    Orbit and classification

    Volga is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[4] It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.6–3.2 AU once every 4 years and 11 months (1,802 days; semi-major axis 2.90 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins at Simeiz Observatory on 5 August 1929, four nights after its official discovery observation.[13]

    Physical characteristics

    The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) characterized Volga as a primitive P-type asteroid,[9] while Pan-STARRS photometric survey found it to be a carbonaceous C-type asteroid.[3][12]

    Rotation period

    In October 1984, a rotational lightcurve of Volga was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel. Lightcurve analysis gave a somewhat longer-than average rotation period of 27.5 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.26 magnitude (U=2).[11]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Volga measures between 48.50 and 57.67 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.03 and 0.04.[5][6][7][8][9][10]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0338 and a diameter of 55.57 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.57.[3][8]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the Volga River, the largest river in Europe and one of the principal ones of Russia. Its name was suggested by the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy in St. Petersburg.[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1967 (M.P.C. 2740).[14]

    gollark: "Exponentially more" does NOT just mean "a lot more".
    gollark: I should add a function for that to my bot.
    gollark: Engaging orbital laser strike.
    gollark: That turn of phrase must be ERASED FROM EXISTENCE except when it's correct.
    gollark: EXPONENTIALLY MORE?

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1149 Volga (1929 PF)" (2017-07-04 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1149) Volga". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1149) Volga. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 97. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1150. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (1149) Volga". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 5 December 2017.
    4. "Asteroid 1149 Volga – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
    5. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    7. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
    8. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
    9. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    10. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    11. Binzel, R. P. (October 1987). "A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids". Icarus. 72 (1): 135–208. Bibcode:1987Icar...72..135B. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4. ISSN 0019-1035. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
    12. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
    13. "1149 Volga (1929 PF)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
    14. Schmadel, Lutz D. "Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 221. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4. ISBN 978-3-642-01964-7.

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