1135 Colchis

1135 Colchis (/ˈkɒlkɪs/); prov. designation: 1929 TA) is a background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 3 October 1929, by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula.[4] The X-type asteroid has a rotation period of hours 23.5 and measures approximately 49 kilometers (30 miles) in diameter. It was named for the ancient Kingdom of Colchis.[3]

1135 Colchis
Shape model of Colchis from its lightcurve
Discovery [1]
Discovered byG. Neujmin
Discovery siteSimeiz Obs.
Discovery date3 October 1929
Designations
(1135) Colchis
Pronunciation/ˈkɒlkɪs/[2]
Named after
Colchis (ancient Kingdom)[3]
1929 TA · 1936 FJ1
1940 EP · 1954 LL
1958 FO · A911 MJ
A916 UH
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc88.15 yr (32,198 days)
Aphelion2.9744 AU
Perihelion2.3558 AU
2.6651 AU
Eccentricity0.1160
4.35 yr (1,589 days)
87.849°
0° 13m 35.4s / day
Inclination4.5409°
350.73°
3.6675°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
45.341±12.31 km[7]
46.82±0.65 km[8]
47.07±13.06 km[9]
49.12±16.46 km[10]
49.805±0.795 km[11]
50.50 km (derived)[12]
50.592±0.953 km[13]
50.64±1.5 km[14]
23.41±1.090 h[15]
23.47±0.01 h[16]
23.47±0.05 h[17]
23.4827±0.0001 h[18]
23.4830±0.0005 h[19]
  • (139.0°, −58.0°) (λ1/β1)[6]
  • (330.0°, −81.0°) (λ2/β2)[6]
0.0437 (derived)[12]
0.05±0.03[9][10]
0.0532±0.0329[7]
0.057±0.010[13]
0.0573±0.004[14]
0.0592±0.0083[11]
0.068±0.002[8]
SMASS =Xk [1] · P [11]
10.20[8][11][14] · 10.260±0.180 (R)[15] · 10.50[1][12][7][10] · 10.64[9]

    Orbit and classification

    Colchis is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[5][6] It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.4–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 4 months (1,589 days; semi-major axis 2.67 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The asteroid was first observed as A911 MJ at Johannesburg Observatory in June 1911. The body's observation arc begins at Lowell Observatory in September 1929, or four days prior its official discovery observation at Simeiz.[4]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the ancient Kingdom of Colchis, bordering on Black Sea south of the Caucasus mountains, in what is now part of Georgia.[3] The naming was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 106).[3]

    Physical characteristics

    In the SMASS classification, Colchis is a Xk-subtype that transitions between the X- and K-type asteroids.[1] Conversely, the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer characterizes it as a primitive P-type asteroid.[11]

    Rotation period

    In March 2001, a rotational lightcurve of Colchis was obtained from photometric observations by Robert Stephens. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 23.47 hours with a brightness variation of 0.45 magnitude (U=2).[16] In September 2016, French amateur astronomer Patrick Sogorb measured an identical period and an amplitude of 0.46 magnitude (U=2).[17] A similar period of 23.41 hours with an amplitude of 0.33 magnitude was obtained by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in January 2014.[15]

    Poles

    In 2016, two modeled lightcurves using photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database (LPD) and other sources, gave a concurring period of 23.4827 and 23.4830 hours, respectively. Each modeled lightcurve also determined two spin axis of (139.0°, −58.0°) and (330.0°, −81.0°), as well as (7.0°, −54.0°) and (168.0°, −56.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β), respectively.[18][19]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Colchis measures between 45.341 and 50.64 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.05 and 0.068.[7][8][9][10][11][13][14]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0437 and a diameter of 50.50 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.5.[12]

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    gollark: Solution: study and do something entirely unrelated in every way to programming.
    gollark: Implement BASIC for arbitrary reasons?
    gollark: And happen to get lucky, and through sheer coincidence stumble on the exact same discovery.
    gollark: Wow, my keyboard even automatically capitalises FAIRLY.

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1135 Colchis (1929 TA)" (2017-11-24 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
    2. "Colchic". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1135) Colchis". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 96. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1136. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "1135 Colchis (1929 TA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
    5. "Asteroid 1135 Colchis – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
    6. "Asteroid 1135 Colchis". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
    7. Masiero, Joseph R.; Nugent, C.; Mainzer, A. K.; Wright, E. L.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; et al. (October 2017). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Three: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 154 (4): 10. arXiv:1708.09504. Bibcode:2017AJ....154..168M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa89ec.
    8. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    9. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63.
    10. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117.
    11. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    12. "LCDB Data for (1135) Colchis". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 8 January 2018.
    13. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    14. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    15. Chang, Chan-Kao; Ip, Wing-Huen; Lin, Hsing-Wen; Cheng, Yu-Chi; Ngeow, Chow-Choong; Yang, Ting-Chang; et al. (August 2015). "Asteroid Spin-rate Study Using the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 219 (2): 19. arXiv:1506.08493. Bibcode:2015ApJS..219...27C. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/219/2/27.
    16. Stephens, R. D.; Malcolm, G. (December 2001). "Collaborative Photometry of 1135 Colchis, March and April 2001" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 28 (1): 61. Bibcode:2001MPBu...28...61S.
    17. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1135) Colchis". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
    18. Durech, J.; Hanus, J.; Oszkiewicz, D.; Vanco, R. (March 2016). "Asteroid models from the Lowell photometric database". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 587: 6. arXiv:1601.02909. Bibcode:2016A&A...587A..48D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527573.
    19. Hanus, J.; Durech, J.; Oszkiewicz, D. A.; Behrend, R.; Carry, B.; Delbo, M.; et al. (February 2016). "New and updated convex shape models of asteroids based on optical data from a large collaboration network". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 586: 24. arXiv:1510.07422. Bibcode:2016A&A...586A.108H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527441.
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