1133 Lugduna

1133 Lugduna, provisional designation 1929 RC1, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 September 1929, by Dutch astronomer Hendrik van Gent at the Leiden Southern Station annex to the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, South Africa.[11] The asteroid was named in honor of the city of Leiden in the Netherlands.[2]

1133 Lugduna
Orbit of 1133 Lugduna
Discovery [1]
Discovered byH. van Gent
Discovery siteJohannesburg Obs.
(Leiden Southern Station)
Discovery date13 September 1929
Designations
(1133) Lugduna
Named after
Dutch city of Leiden [2]
(Lugdunum Batavorum)
1929 RC1 · A908 BD
main-belt · Flora [3][4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc87.20 yr (31,848 days)
Aphelion2.5966 AU
Perihelion1.7751 AU
2.1858 AU
Eccentricity0.1879
3.23 yr (1,180 days)
67.197°
0° 18m 18s / day
Inclination5.3765°
58.230°
306.74°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions8.275±0.019 km[5]
9.100±0.037 km[6]
9.76 km (calculated)[3]
10.47±0.70 km[7]
5 h[lower-alpha 1]
5.477±0.001 h[8]
5.478±0.005 h[9]
0.208±0.029[7]
0.24 (assumed)[3]
0.2798±0.0550[6]
0.363±0.029[5]
Tholen = S [1][3][10]
B–V = 0.880 [1]
U–B = 0.510 [1]
12.22[1][3][6][7] · 12.45±0.50[10]

    Orbit and classification

    Lugduna is a member of the Flora family (402), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt.[3][4][12]:23 It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 3 months (1,180 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

    The asteroid was first identified as A908 BD at Taunton Observatory (803), Massachusetts, in January 1908. Its observation arc begins at Johannesburg, three weeks after its official discovery observation.[11]

    Physical characteristics

    Both the Tholen classification and PanSTARRS photometric survey characterize Lugduna as a stony S-type asteroid.[1][10]

    Rotation period

    In December 2010, the best-rated rotational lightcurve of Lugduna was obtained from photometric observations by Gordon Gartrelle at the University of North Dakota and at the Badlands Observatory in South Dakota, United States. Analysis of the bimodal lightcurve gave a well-defined rotation period of 5.477 hours with a brightness variation of 0.43 magnitude (U=3).[8] Other observations gave a period of 5 and 5.478 hours with an amplitude of 0.33 (U=2-/3-).[9][lower-alpha 1]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Lugduna measures between 8.275 and 10.47 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.208 and 0.363.[5][6][7]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the Flora family's largest member and namesake – and calculates a diameter of 9.76 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.22.[3]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named in honor of the Dutch city of Leiden where the Leiden Observatory of Leiden University – parent of the discovering Leiden Southern Station – is located. The asteroid was named by the discoverer and by astronomer Gerrit Pels, who computed the body's orbit. The official naming citation was reviewed by Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld who was a long-time astronomer at Leiden.[2]

    The Latin name Lugdunum Batavorum (or Batavorum Lugdunum) and Academia Lugduno Batava has been used by the city and by the university in official documents. The Latin name also refers to Brittenburg, an ancient Roman ruin located west of Leiden.

    Notes
    1. Franco(2011) web: observation date: 6 November 2010. Rotation period 5 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.33 mag. Quality Code of 2-. Summary figures for (1133) Lugduna at Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL)
    gollark: Correction: my copy of Wikipedia (compressed ZIM file, including FTS index, including images too, dated 2020-08) is 92GB.
    gollark: * accidentally adding a zero
    gollark: *Wikipedia* is about 80GB, so I assume you're missing a zero.
    gollark: It would take me about 12 hours to download 30GB of content over my network link.
    gollark: No, I mean the previous communism thing was random anecdotes.

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1133 Lugduna (1929 RC1)" (2016-11-23 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1133) Lugduna". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1133) Lugduna. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 96. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1134. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (1133) Lugduna". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 9 September 2017.
    4. "Asteroid 1133 Lugduna – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
    5. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
    6. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    7. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    8. Gartrelle, Gordon M. (April 2012). "Lightcurve Results for Eleven Asteroids". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 39 (2): 40%–46. Bibcode:2012MPBu...39...40G. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
    9. Kryszczynska, A.; Colas, F.; Polinska, M.; Hirsch, R.; Ivanova, V.; Apostolovska, G.; et al. (October 2012). "Do Slivan states exist in the Flora family?. I. Photometric survey of the Flora region". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 546: 51. Bibcode:2012A&A...546A..72K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219199. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
    10. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
    11. "1133 Lugduna (1929 RC1)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
    12. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families. Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.

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