1114 Lorraine

1114 Lorraine, provisional designation 1928 WA, is a very dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 70 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Alexandre Schaumasse at Nice Observatory in 1928, and named for the French region of Lorraine.[3][15]

1114 Lorraine
Discovery [1]
Discovered byA. Schaumasse
Discovery siteNice Obs.
Discovery date17 November 1928
Designations
(1114) Lorraine
Pronunciation/lɒˈreɪn/[2]
Named after
Lorraine (French region) [3]
1928 WA · 1971 YK
A906 UE
main-belt · (outer) [4]
background [5] · Eos [6]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc110.62 yr (40,404 days)
Aphelion3.3181 AU
Perihelion2.8732 AU
3.0956 AU
Eccentricity0.0719
5.45 yr (1,989 days)
138.45°
0° 10m 51.6s / day
Inclination10.744°
195.52°
203.80°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions62.15 km (derived)[4]
62.20±1.7 km[7]
62.35±20.00 km[8]
68.48±0.79 km[9]
70.812±29.31 km[10]
75.631±0.625 km[11]
80.30±26.49 km[12]
32±1 h[13]
0.03±0.02[12]
0.031±0.006[11]
0.0331±0.0331[10]
0.04±0.01[8]
0.043±0.001[9]
0.0457 (derived)[4]
0.0501±0.003[7]
SMASS = X c [1] · X [4]
9.90[7][9] · 10.00[4][8][11] · 10.06[12] · 10.10[1][10] · 10.25±0.23[14]

    Discovery

    Lorraine was discovered on 17 November 1928, by French astronomer Alexandre Schaumasse at the Nice Observatory in southeastern France.[15] On the following night, it was independently discovered by Italian astronomer Luigi Volta at the Observatory of Turin, Italy.[3] The Minor Planet Center recognizes only the first discoverer. The asteroid was first observed as A906 UE at Heidelberg Observatory in October 1906.[15]

    Orbit and classification

    Lorraine is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population (Nesvorny).[5] Conversely, the asteroid is also considered a core member of the Eos family (Novakovic, Knezevic and Milani).[6] It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.9–3.3 AU once every 5 years and 5 months (1,989 days; semi-major axis of 3.10 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.07 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins at Nice Observatory in November 1928, one night after its official discovery observation.[15]

    Physical characteristics

    In the SMASS classification, Lorraine is an Xc-subtype, transiting from the X-type to the C-type asteroids.[1]

    Rotation period

    In January 2005, a rotational lightcurve of Lorraine was obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomer Laurent Bernasconi. Analysis of the fragmentary lightcurve gave a longer-than-average rotation period of 32 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.16 magnitude (U=1).[13] As of 2018, no secure period has been obtained.[4]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Lorraine measures between 62.20 and 80.30 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.03 and 0.0501.[7][8][9][10][11][12]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0457 and a diameter of 62.15 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.0.[4]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the region of Lorraine, the former Duchy of Lorraine in north-eastern France, and a remnant of the medieval kingdom of Lotharingia (AN 238;149).[3]

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    gollark: I would probably judge him more on how well he actually does than what sort of inspiring statement he can come out with.

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1114 Lorraine (1928 WA)" (2017-06-23 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
    2. "Lorraine". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1114) Lorraine. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 95. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "LCDB Data for (1114) Lorraine". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 26 January 2018.
    5. "Small Bodies Data Ferret". Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
    6. "Asteroid 1114 Lorraine – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
    7. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    8. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117.
    9. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    10. Masiero, Joseph R.; Nugent, C.; Mainzer, A. K.; Wright, E. L.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; et al. (October 2017). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Three: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 154 (4): 10. arXiv:1708.09504. Bibcode:2017AJ....154..168M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa89ec.
    11. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8.
    12. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63.
    13. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1114) Lorraine". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
    14. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007.
    15. "1114 Lorraine (1928 WA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
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