1108 Demeter

1108 Demeter, provisional designation 1929 KA, is a dark asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 27 kilometers (17 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 31 May 1929, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory near Heidelberg, Germany.[18] The asteroid was named after Demeter, the Greek goddess of fruitful soil and agriculture.[3] It has a rotation period of 9.846 hours.

For other uses, see Demeter (disambiguation).
1108 Demeter
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date31 May 1929
Designations
(1108) Demeter
Pronunciation/dɪˈmiːtər/[2]
Named after
Demeter (Greek mythology)[3]
1929 KA · 1963 MF
main-belt · (inner)
Phocaea [4] · background [5]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc88.65 yr (32,378 d)
Aphelion3.0510 AU
Perihelion1.8040 AU
2.4275 AU
Eccentricity0.2568
3.78 yr (1,381 d)
139.57°
0° 15m 38.16s / day
Inclination24.916°
234.25°
78.109°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
25.285±0.057 km[6]
25.35±6.72 km[7]
25.61±2.0 km[8]
27.316±0.221 km[9]
27.333±5.042 km[10]
31.06±0.58 km[11]
31.33±0.45 km[12]
9.70±0.01 h[13]
9.701±0.002 h[14]
9.846±0.008 h[15]
9.870±0.012 h[16]
0.0229±0.0202[10]
0.031±0.005[12]
0.032±0.001[11]
0.0408±0.0040[9]
0.0464±0.008[8]
0.05±0.02[7]
Tholen = CX [1][4]
B–V = 0.681[1]
U–B = 0.308[1]
11.91[1][4][7][8][9][11][12]
12.51[10] · 12.51±0.38[17]

    Orbit and classification

    Demeter is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[5] Based on osculating Keplerian orbital elements, it has also been classified as a member of the Phocaea family (701), a large family of stony asteroids, different to Demeter's spectral type (see below).[4]

    It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–3.1 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,381 days; semi-major axis of 2.43 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.26 and an inclination of 25° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The asteroid was first observed at the Italian Observatory of Turin, three days prior to its official discovery observation at Heidelberg. The body's observation arc begins at Yerkes Observatory in December 1930.[18]

    Physical characteristics

    In the Tholen classification, Demeter's spectral type is ambiguous, closest to a carbonaceous C-type and somewhat similar to an X-type asteroid.[1][4]

    Rotation period

    In June 2016, a rotational lightcurve of Demeter was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomers Tom Polakis and Brian Skiff at the Command Module Observatory (V02) in Tempe, Arizona. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 9.846 hours with an amplitude of 0.12 magnitude (U=3).[15] Observations by the Spanish OBAS group, also taken during the 2016-opposition, gave a concurring period of 9.870 hours and a brightness variation of 0.11 magnitude (U=3-).[16] The results supersede previous observations by Robert Stephens, Olivier Thizy, René Roy and Stéphane Charbonnel from July 2001, which gave a period of 9.70 and 9.701 hours with an amplitude of 0.12 and 0.14 magnitude, respectively.[13][14]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Demeter measures between 25.285 and 31.33 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low albedo between 0.0229 and 0.05.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0464 and a diameter of 25.61 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.91.[4]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named from Greek mythology after Demeter, the goddess of fruitful soil and agriculture. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 104).[3]

    Conflict with Ceres

    Demeter is the Greek equivalent of the Roman goddess Ceres.[3] When main-belt asteroid and dwarf planet 1 Ceres was named, the Greeks called it "Demeter" effectively translating the name into Greek, rather than using the Latin Ceres or the original Italian Cerere. However, this created a problem when asteroid Demeter was named. The Greeks resolved this by using the classical form of the name, Δημήτηρ Dēmêtēr, for the new asteroid, distinguishing it from the Modern Greek form Δήμητρα Dêmētra that had been used for 1 Ceres. This conflict did not occur in Greek-influenced Slavic languages such as Russian, which had adopted Cerera for 1 Ceres, and were thus free to use the modern Greek form Demetra for the asteroid Demeter.

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    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1108 Demeter (1929 KA)" (2018-01-22 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
    2. "Demeter". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1108) Demeter". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1108) Demeter. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 94. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1109. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "LCDB Data for (1108) Demeter". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 8 March 2018.
    5. "Asteroid 1108 Demeter – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    7. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
    8. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    9. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    10. Masiero, Joseph R.; Nugent, C.; Mainzer, A. K.; Wright, E. L.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; et al. (October 2017). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Three: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 154 (4): 10. arXiv:1708.09504. Bibcode:2017AJ....154..168M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa89ec.
    11. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    12. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
    13. Stephens, R. D. (March 2002). "Photometry of 866 Fatme, 894 Erda, 1108 Demeter, and 3443 Letsungdao". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 29: 2–3. Bibcode:2002MPBu...29....2S. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
    14. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1108) Demeter". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
    15. Polakis, Tom; Skiff, Brian A. (October 2016). "Lightcurve Analysis for Asteroids 895 Helio and 1108 Demeter". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (4): 310. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43..310P. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
    16. Brines, Pedro; Lozano, Juan; Rodrigo, Onofre; Fornas, A.; Herrero, David; Mas, Vicente; et al. (April 2017). "Sixteen Asteroids Lightcurves at Asteroids Observers (OBAS) - MPPD: 2016 June-November". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 44 (2): 145–149. Bibcode:2017MPBu...44..145B. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
    17. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
    18. "1108 Demeter (1929 KA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 8 March 2018.

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