1018 Arnolda

1018 Arnolda, provisional designation 1924 QM, is a stony asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 16 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 March 1924, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany.[13] The asteroid was named after physicist Arnold Berliner.[2]

1018 Arnolda
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date3 March 1924
Designations
(1018) Arnolda
Named after
Arnold Berliner
(German physicist)[2]
1924 QM · 1926 VK
1952 BV1
main-belt · (central) [3]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc93.34 yr (34,092 days)
Aphelion3.1649 AU
Perihelion1.9180 AU
2.5414 AU
Eccentricity0.2453
4.05 yr (1,480 days)
204.40°
0° 14m 35.88s / day
Inclination7.6444°
359.70°
342.97°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions13.68±2.45 km[4]
15.29±0.53 km[5]
16.387±0.100 km[6]
16.42±1.5 km[7]
16.44 km (derived)[3]
16.557±0.224 km[8]
10 h (unrated)[9]
11.97 h (dated)[10]
12.18±0.01 h[9]
14.57±0.01 h[lower-alpha 1]
14.617±0.004 h[11]
0.29±0.13[4]
0.3701±0.079[7]
0.371±0.037[8]
0.3760 (derived)[3]
0.3857±0.0329[6]
0.439±0.034[5]
S [3]
10.60[3][6][10] · 10.62[1][5][7] · 11.30[4] · 11.45±0.25[12]

    Classification and orbit

    Arnolda is not a member of any known asteroid family. It orbits the Sun in the central main belt at a distance of 1.9–3.2 AU once every 4 years and 1 month (1,480 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.25 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins nine days prior to its official discovery observation at Heidelberg.[13]

    Physical characteristics

    Arnolda is an assumed stony S-type asteroid, a very common type in the inner and in parts of the central asteroid belt.[3]

    Lightcurves

    In May 2005, the best-rated rotational lightcurve of Arnolda was obtained from photometric observations by Australian astronomers at the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory (E09). Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 14.617 hours with a brightness variation of 0.33 magnitude (U=3).[11] Several other astronomers obtained number of lesser-rated lightcurves with a shorter period (U=n.a./1/2/3-).[9][10][lower-alpha 1]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Arnolda measures between 13.68 and 16.557 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.29 and 0.439.[4][5][6][7][8]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives a high albedo of 0.3760 and a diameter of 16.44 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.60.[3]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after physicist Arnold Berliner (1862–1942), on the occasion of his 70th birthday in 1933. Berliner was the editor of the prominent German periodical scientific magazine Naturwissenschaften (AN 247).[2]

    Notes
    1. Aznar (2016): rotation period of 14.57±0.01 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.39 mag. The lightcurve has a quality code of 3-. Summary figures at Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL)
    gollark: "Liking" someone.
    gollark: It's not required.
    gollark: I did have to look it up on urbandictionary a while ago, since it became a popular word.
    gollark: I think spirit got it as a joke some time ago.
    gollark: Did you not *ask* for it, repeatedly?

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1018 Arnolda (1924 QM)" (2017-06-04 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1018) Arnolda". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1018) Arnolda. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 88. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1019. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (1018) Arnolda". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 29 August 2017.
    4. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
    5. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    6. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    7. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    8. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
    9. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1018) Arnolda". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
    10. Binzel, R. P. (October 1987). "A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids". Icarus. 72 (1): 135–208. Bibcode:1987Icar...72..135B. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4. ISSN 0019-1035. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
    11. Pligge, Zachary; Monnier, Adam; Pharo, John; Stolze, Kellen; Yim, Arnold; Ditteon, Richard (January 2011). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory: 2010 May". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (1): 5–7. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38....5P. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
    12. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
    13. "1018 Arnolda (1924 QM)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 29 August 2017.

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