.localhost

The name localhost is reserved by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in RFC 2606 (June 1999) as a domain name label that may not be installed as a top-level domain in the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet.[1]

Not to be confused with localhost.
localhost
Introduced1999
TLD typeReserved top-level domain
Intended useidentifies the local computer
DocumentsRFC 2606

Reserved DNS names

In 1999, the Internet Engineering Task Force reserved the DNS labels localhost, example, invalid, and test so that they may not be installed into the root zone of the Domain Name System.

The reasons for reservation of these top-level domain names is to reduce the likelihood of conflict and confusion.[1] This allows the use of these names for either documentation purposes or in local testing scenarios.

Conventional use

The name localhost is a commonly defined hostname for the loopback interface in most TCP/IP systems, resolving to the IP addresses 127.0.0.1 in IPv4 and ::1 for IPv6. As a top-level domain, the name has traditionally been defined statically in host DNS implementations with address records (A and AAAA) pointing to the same loopback addresses. Any other use conflicts with widely deployed algorithms relying on this convention.

gollark: That's not too terrible.
gollark: What's this for, exactly?
gollark: You probably *can* do it. But there's not actually one unique and provably correct answer.
gollark: For lots of points, if they don't all fit neatly on a line, you want... linear regression?
gollark: For two points there is only one straight line going through both of them, so it's easy.

References
  1. RFC 2606 (BCP 32), Reserved Top Level DNS Names, D. Eastlake, A. Panitz, The Internet Society (June 1999)
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